Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Four New Species of (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China.

The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, known for its high altitude, geological history of plate collision, crustal uplift, and special ecology factors, provides an ideal environment for studying fungal biodiversity in extreme environmental conditions. Some species within the , containing secondary metabolites such as psilocybin, phallotoxins, and amatoxins, have potential medicinal value for treating psychiatric disorders and for use in drug development. This study investigates (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) on the Plateau, based on specimens collected over the past decade, using morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Inflammatory index is a promising biomarker for maintenance hemodialysis patients with cardiovascular disease.

Background And Objectives: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a common complication and leading cause of death. Persistent micro-inflammation is a unique feature of MHD. Given the established role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, this study aims to explore whether novel inflammatory markers (inflammation index) can serve as independent risk factors for CVD in MHD patients.

A Taxonomic Study of Specimens from China Revealed Seven New Species.

Based on phylogenetic analysis, (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) was established with as the type species. The basidiomes range from small to large and are typically terrestrial, lignicolous, and rarely fimicolous. We analysed the species collected during five years in China, and based on morphological and molecular data (nrITS, nrLSU, and ), we propose seven new species viz.