The impact of sequencing depth and relatedness of the reference genome in population genomic studies: A case study with two caddisfly species (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae, ).

Whole genome sequencing for generating SNP data is increasingly used in population genetic studies. However, obtaining genomes for massive numbers of samples is still not within the budgets of many researchers. It is thus imperative to select an appropriate reference genome and sequencing depth to ensure the accuracy of the results for a specific research question, while balancing cost and feasibility.

Gene Flow and Diversification in Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in the Hengduan Mountains.

The Hengduan Mountains are one of the most species-rich mountainous areas in the world. The origin and evolution of such a remarkable biodiversity are likely to be associated with geological or climatic dynamics, as well as taxon-specific biotic processes (e.g.

Geographical range evolution of the genus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Oligocene to present.

Currently, the genus comprises 26 species distributed in South, Southeast, and East Asia. Because of their relatively low dispersal capability and intolerance to seawater, this genus is ideal for the study of terrestrial range evolution that extends into the island archipelagos of southeastern Asia. In this study, based on data compiled for from previous studies and partial mitochondrial and nuclear genes collected in this study, we performed systematic biogeographical analysis.

Anti-complementary constituents of Anchusa italica.

Activity-guided fractionation for complement inhibitors led to the isolation of 24 known compounds from Anchusa italica. Chemical types include eight megastigmane compounds, five triterpenoid compounds, five lignan compounds, three flavonoid compounds, two alkaloid compounds and one phenthyl alcohol compound. Among which, a lignan (medioresinol), an alkaloid (5-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-one) and a flavonoid (5-hydroxyl-3', 4', 6, 7-tetramethoxy flavone) exhibited better anticomplementary effects with CH values ranging from 0.

Crystallographic snapshots of the interplay between reactive guest and host molecules in a porous coordination polymer: stereochemical coupling and feedback mechanism of three photoactive centers triggered by UV-induced isomerization, dimerization, and polymerization reactions.

We carried out photopolymerization by [2 + 2] dimerization of a photoreactive guest molecule in the channels of a photoreactive porous coordination polymer. The photoreactions of the guest and two host ligands were monitored by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, providing snapshots of the interplay between the reactive centers. By correlating the structures of these three photocenters, a strong synergism was discovered among three reaction (quasi)equilibria and three types of photochemical reactions (isomerization, dimerization, and polymerization).

[Synthesis of diethyl N-[p-(methylamino)benzoyl]-L-glutamate].

Objective: To find a best synthesis method of diethyl N-[p-(methylamino)benzoyl]-L-glutamate(1).

Methods: Using diethyl N-(p- aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate (2) as a starting material via a one-pot process of benzylation and methylation, the diethyl N-[p-(methylamino)benzoyl ]-L-glutamate (3) is prepared in high yield. Then compound 1 was conveniently obtained from debenzylation of compound 3 by Pd/C.