Polyphyllin VII as a potential medication for targeting epithelial mesenchymal transitionin in thyroid cancer.

The need for novel anti-thyroid cancer (TC) medications is urgent due to the rising incidence and metastatic rates of malignant TC. In this study, we investigated the effect of Polyphyllin VII (PPVII) to TC cells, and explored their potential mechanism. B-CPAP and TPC-1 cells, were used to analyze the antitumor activity of PPVII by quantifying cell growth and metastasis as well as to study the effect on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Correction: Enterovirus 71 Protease 2Apro Targets MAVS to Inhibit Anti-Viral Type I Interferon Responses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

MCP-1/CCR2 axis is involved in the regulation of γδT cells in lupus nephritis.

γδT cells are important innate immune cells that are involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of SLE, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells (including γδT cells) in the target organs to participate in the disease process. Therefore, clarifying how γδT cells chemotactically migrate to target organs may be a key to developing therapeutic methods against LN.

Baricitinib relieves DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by suppressing the NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathways.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing inflammatory disease with a unique aetiology. The treatment of UC is challenging, and the current clinical therapeutics for colitis have limited efficacy. Thus, finding new and effective treatment options remains urgent.

LncRNA H19 Participates in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Mediated Stemness Promotion in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were considered to play important roles in the genesis and development of many tumors. In recent years, it has been observed that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) might be involved in the regulation of stemness in cancer cells.

Emodin is a Potential Drug Targeting CD44-positive Hepatocellular Cancer.

Background: Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer of the digestive system in our country. The most common subtype of this disease is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, treatment options for HCC patients include surgical resection, liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization, and biologic-targeted therapy.

Expression of CD44 is regulated by ELF3 in 5-FU treated colorectal cancer cells.

The development of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was usually thought to be inevitable as a result of continuing exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within CRC tissues was recently suggested to play importance roles for this process. In this study, in order to mimic a dose schedule used in clinic (continuous infusion), low dose of fluorouracil (IC of 5-FU) was used to treat CRC cells.

The function of MSP-activated γδT cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting γδT cells are now recognized as a promising treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, no specific antigen or antigenic epitope recognized by γδT cells has been identified, limiting their application in the field of HCC treatment. Previously, we used an established screening strategy to identify a novel HCC protein antigen recognized by γδT cells called MSP.

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Impairs the Function of Peripheral γδT Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Immunotherapeutic strategies are recognized as promising treatment methods for colorectal cancer (CRC). αβT cell-mediated cytotoxicity is tolerated by cancer cells with low MHC class I expression; therefore, γδT cell-based cancer immunotherapy has generated increasing interest as a potential treatment option. To enhance the potency of γδT cell-based immunotherapy, the key factors involved in the regulation of γδT cells in CRC need to be identified along with devising ways to overcome potential hurdles.

Polyphyllin VII as a Potential Drug for Targeting Stemness in Hepatocellular Cancer STAT3 Signaling.

Background: At present, the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is disturbed by the treatment failure and recurrence caused by the residual liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, drugs targeting HCC CSCs should be able to effectively eliminate HCC and prevent its recurrence. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of Polyphyllin VII (PP7) on HCC CSCs and explored their potential mechanism.

Non-structure protein ORF1ab (NSP8) in SARS-CoV-2 contains potential γδT cell epitopes.

Upon activation by the pathogen through T-cell receptors (TCRs), γδT cells suppress the pathogenic replication and thus play important roles against viral infections. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 γδT cells provides alternative therapeutic strategies. However, little is known about the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens by γδT cells.

Polyphyllin VII is a Potential Drug Targeting CD44 Positive Colon Cancer Cells.

Background: Current therapies for colon cancer are hindered by treatment failure and recurrence, mainly due to colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, treatment using drugs targeting CSCs should be effective in eliminating colon cancer cells and impeding cancer recurrence.

Objective: This study aimed to test if PPVII can be a potent drug candidate for the treatment of colon cancer by targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.

Trim28 acts as restriction factor of prototype foamy virus replication by modulating H3K9me3 marks and destabilizing the viral transactivator Tas.

Background: Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is nonpathogenic complex retroviruses that express a transcriptional transactivator Tas, which is essential for the activity of viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter and internal promoter (IP). Tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (Trim28) is well known as a scaffold protein normally enriched in gene promoter region to repress transcription. We sought to determine if whether Trim28 could be enriched in PFV promoter region to participate the establishment of PFV latency infection.

YAP inhibits autophagy and promotes progression of colorectal cancer via upregulating Bcl-2 expression.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers. The role of autophagy in the pathobiology of CRC is intricate, with opposing functions manifested in different cellular contexts. The Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator inactivated by the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway, functions as an oncoprotein in a variety of cancers.

CX3CR1 might be a promising predictor of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pulmonary fibrosis.

The inflammatory process in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects many organs including the lungs. Chemokines are suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In the present study, our objective is to evaluate the correlation between chemokines and PF in SLE patients.

Higher expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in mild COVID-19 patients might be correlated with inhibition of Type I IFN signaling.

Background: Chemokine levels in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been shown to be markedly elevated. But the role of chemokines in mild COVID-19 has not yet been established. According to the epidemiological statistics, most of the COVID-19 cases in Shiyan City, China, have been mild.

Identification of new potential antigen recognized by γδT cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.

In recent years, the application of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy based on gamma delta T (γδT) cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention. However, specific antigens recognized by γδT cells are rarely identified, which has become the main restriction on such therapeutic application of γδT cells. In this report, we identified a new peptide and protein antigen recognized by γδT cells in HCC using our previous established strategy.

Curcumin may be a potential adjuvant treatment drug for colon cancer by targeting CD44.

Despite the considerable advances in treatment method development, the mortality rate related to colon cancer still ranks the fifth in all tumor-related diseases. Recently, there has been growing evidences supporting the existence of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) might be one of the main causes for initiation, progression and recurrence of colon cancer. Curcumin has been shown to possess anticancer activities.

IFI27 as a potential indicator for severe Enterovirus 71-infected hand foot and mouth disease.

The pathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 (EV71)-induced severe hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has not yet been clearly established. Further study into the mechanisms underlying host immune responses to EV71 infection and identifying important predictors will be crucial to antiviral treatment and early recognition of severe HFMD. The present study establishes that T help (Th)1 type, Th2 type, and Th17 type cytokine levels in serum of peripheral blood from patients with severe HFMD is higher than in peripheral blood from healthy subjects.

YAP promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition by upregulating Slug expression in human colorectal cancer cells.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) contributes to the development of multiple tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms involved in YAP-induced CRC migration and invasion are not fully elucidated. By performing immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found that YAP is highly expressed in CRC tissues and significantly correlated with invasive depth.

Down-Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) Contributes to the Premature Senescence of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast.

BACKGROUND Freshly isolated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have great proliferation capacity but quickly enter senescent state after several rounds of cell cycle, a process called premature senescence. Cellular senescence can be induced by various stresses such as telomere erosion, DNA damage, and oncogenic signaling. But the contribution of other molecules, such as growth factors, to cellular senescence is incompletely understood.

The prostaglandin E2 increases the production of IL-17 and the expression of costimulatory molecules on γδ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.

γδ T cells play important roles in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through their antigen-presenting capacity, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulatory properties, interaction with CD4 CD25 Tregs and promotion of antibody production by helping B cells. Although prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was proved to have the ability to enhance the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells and IL-17 production of CD4 αβ T cells in RA, the role of PGE2 in γδ T cells from RA disease has not yet been clarified. The goal of this study was to determine the role of PGE2 in γδ T cells in RA.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a potential role for CaMK4 in γδT17 cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lupus nephritis.

γδ T cells may be involved in the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) though the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-17 has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE with lupus nephritis (LN). Although some investigations have indicated that γδ T cells are the major producing cells of IL-17 (γδT17 cells), the function of γδT17 cells in SLE with LN has not yet been fully established.

Identification of genes involved in enterovirus 71 infected SK-N-SH cells.

The enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and has been associated with severe neurological disease in children under 5 years of age. The molecular mechanisms underlying the response of human neural cells to EV71 infection still remain unclear. In this study, the genome microarray was employed to perform transcriptome profiling analysis in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells infected by EV71.

TRIM59 is a novel potential prognostic biomarker in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A research based on bioinformatics analysis.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide and its prognosis is poor. Few effective biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been translated into the clinical practice aiming to assist in the treatment plan design and prognosis evaluation. The aim of the present study was to identify novel potential prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC.