Influence of the ERK/CHGB pathway in breast cancer progression under chronic stress.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women, and its development involves a variety of complex molecular mechanisms. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Chromogranin B (CHGB) are known to play key roles in various cancers. This study aims to explore the impact of the ERK/CHGB pathway in a chronic stress environment simulated by salbutamol on the development of breast cancer.

Reliability of interobserver and intraobserver assessments of the Tile versus Young-Burgess classifications for pelvic ring injuries.

Tile and Young-Burgess classification systems have been widely used to classify pelvic ring injuries in clinical settings; however, these two systems are rarely mentioned in the literature despite their reproducibility and practical application. The purpose of this study was to assess the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Tile and Young-Burgess classification of pelvic ring injuries. Eight hundred seven patients with pelvic fractures who presented to two I-level trauma centres between January 2016 and June 2020 were recruited for this study.

The role of MRI in "estimating" intraoperative bleeding during cesarean section for placenta accreta: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The prenatal detection of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder is crucial for treatment strategy formulation. MRI descriptors may offer a more objective method for predicting PAS and clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive value of MRI examination for intraoperative blood loss in PAS cesarean section and elucidating the MRI descriptors that are more valuable for predicting intraoperative blood loss.

Substrate calibration method of a computer-generated hologram based on ray propagation in a three-dimensional model.

In interferometry with a computer-generated hologram (CGH), the substrate error of the CGH limits its high-precision aspheric measurement application. The propagation form of the substrate error is still ambiguous although 0th-order calibration can partly correct it. We established the ray propagation in a three-dimensional model in order to solve the ambiguity of substrate error propagation.

Hybrid diffractive-refractive lens for chromatic confocal measurement system.

A novel chromatic confocal measurement (CCM) method using a hybrid diffractive- refractive lens is presented. This hybrid diffractive- refractive lens is designed to optimize the linearity of chromatic dispersion and minimize the size of the optical system. The hybrid diffractive- refractive lens is fabricated by etching a diffractive surface onto a quartz aspheric lens through lithography, which combines the high numerical aperture (NA) of a refractive lens with the unique dispersion properties of the diffractive optical elements (DOE).

Multidimensional stitching method with wavelength tuned interferometry and unconstrained support tooling for large-thin parallel plate.

Limited by measurement methods, measuring the surfaces and thickness of large thin parallel plates has been challenging. In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional stitching method using thickness alignment (MSuTA), which use the sub-aperture stitching method based on the phenomenon of parallel plate self-interference with wavelength-tuned interferometer (WTI) for measuring the surfaces and thickness of large thin parallel plates. We establish the stitching correction model based on Legendre polynomial to separate the aberrations caused by the elastic deformation of the thin plate in the unconstrained support tooling by analyzing the influence of the stress state of the thin plate with unconstrained three-point support.

A novel method for improving optical component smoothing quality in robotic smoothing systems by compensating path errors.

Path deviations caused by geometrical errors in machining equipment significantly affect the machining quality of optical components. To enhance the quality and efficiency of optical component processing, this paper presents a Chebyshev interpolated Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (CILM) aimed at compensating for path deviations in a robotic smoothing system utilized for optical component processing. First, the positioning accuracy of the robotic smoothing system is measured using a laser tracker.

Stitching method based on dual quaternion for cylindrical mirrors.

In this study, a stitching method based on dual quaternion is proposed. The application of a dual quaternion in sub-aperture stitching interferometry is analyzed in detail, and a calculation method for sub-aperture stitching based on a dual quaternion is deduced. The experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the stitching method proposed in this study (residuals of overlapping area approximately 0.

Absolute testing method of shift-rotation based on the influence function.

The absolute testing of an optical surface with the shift-rotation method is an effective way to obtain an optical surface with high accuracy. The traditional shift-rotation method based on Zernike polynomials has a large number of computations and poor fitting accuracy for high frequency. Additionally, the number of calculations of the pixel-level spatial frequency method in solving the test and reference error based on each pixel is too large, which leads to poor practicability in reality.

Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain diffuse optical tomography using single-pixel imaging based on lock-in photon counting.

We present a spatial frequency domain (SFD) diffuse optical tomography for simultaneous acquisition of multi-wavelength tomographic images of turbid media. We propose a highly sensitive single-pixel SFD imaging system for simultaneously collecting multi-wavelength spatially modulated reflectance images, instead of using the expensive electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera that requires switching between the multi-wavelength collections. The single-pixel SFD imaging system using three low-power light sources (455, 532 and 660 nm) that were intensity-modulated by square waves with three different frequencies for frequency encoding, and all the light sources were focused onto one digital micromirror device (DMD) for generating wide-field sinusoidal illumination patterns.

Preliminary study of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy for diagnosing superficial gastric neoplasia.

Background: Magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) is a newly developed non-invasive method designed for gastric examination. Although favorable diagnostic accuracy has been reported, there is little if any data about its ability to diagnose gastric cancer.

Aims: To compare the detectability of superficial gastric neoplasia by MCCG and gastroscopy.

Screening for gastric cancer with magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy in asymptomatic individuals.

Background And Aims: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In some Asian countries, screening EGD has greatly improved the survival rate. However, patients' discomfort and the need for sedation may limit adherence to screening programs.

Modeling near-null testing method of a freeform surface with a deformable mirror compensator.

We present and analyze a new measurement method of freeform surfaces with a deformable mirror (DM), which functions as a wavefront compensator. We discuss the maximum slope compensation of a DM in the first-order approximation and derive how to calculate the ideal DM form. A constrained optimization procedure is conducted to ensure the actual DM form fits the ideal DM form as closely as possible.

Analysis of spurious diffraction orders of computer-generated hologram in symmetric aspheric metrology.

Computer-generated hologram (CGH) has been widely used as a wavefront compensator in symmetric aspheric metrology. As a diffractive element, it generates different diffraction orders, but only the 1st-order diffraction is used to test aspheric surface. The light from spurious diffraction orders (SDO) will produce many high-frequency fringes in interferogram and reduce measurement accuracy.

Identification and biochemical characterization of a novel α-1,3-mannosyltransferase WfcD from Escherichia coli O141.

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the formation of regio- and stereospecific glycosidic linkages between specific sugar donors and recipients. In this study, the function of the wfcD gene from the Escherichia coli O141 O-antigen gene cluster encoding an α-1,3-mannosyltransferase that catalyzed the formation of the linkage Man(α1-3)-GlcNAc was biochemically characterized. WfcD was expressed in E.

A gene cluster at an unusual chromosomal location responsible for the novel O-antigen synthesis in Escherichia coli O62 by the ABC transporter-dependent pathway.

The O-antigen is a part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is related to bacterial virulence. It is one of the most variable cell constituents, and its structural diversity is almost entirely due to genetic variation of the O-antigen gene cluster. In this study, the O-antigen structure of Escherichia coli O62 was elucidated by chemical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but showing not consistent with the O-antigen gene cluster between conserved genes galF and gnd reported earlier.

Accuracy of Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy, Compared With Conventional Gastroscopy, in Detection of Gastric Diseases.

Background & Aims: Diseases of the stomach, including gastric cancer and peptic ulcer, are the most common digestive diseases. It is impossible to visualize the entire stomach with the passive capsule currently used in practice because of the large size of the gastric cavity. A magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) system has been designed to explore the stomach.

Model-based optimization of gravity sagging for a horizontally mounted optical flat.

A practical and generalized model-based gravity sagging reconstruction method for a horizontally mounted optical flat is proposed. It is a practical and generalized approach based on the finite element method (FEM) model and real experiment results. Gravity sagging and misalignment parameters are retrieved by solving the multivariable unconstrained optimization problem with a least squares sense.

Retrace error reconstruction based on point characteristic function.

Figure measuring interferometers generally work in the null condition, i.e., the reference rays share the same optical path with the test rays through the imaging system.

Method for measuring the cone angle and the shape of the axicon simultaneously using computer-generated holograms.

An axicon is an optical element with rotational symmetry and cone shape, which is nowadays widely used in many fields of engineering, like laser beam shaping, imaging systems, optical testing, laser machining, etc. In this paper, we propose a new method to measure the cone angle and the shape of the axicon simultaneously by using a computer-generated hologram. This test is performed in a null-test configuration.

Absolute measurement of optical flats based on basic iterative methods.

Generalized basic iterative methods for absolute measurement of optical flats are presented. They are based on iterative scheme and can be classified into block Jacobi Successive Over-relaxation (SOR) method and block SOR method. Both methods are effective for solving the three-flat problem with pixel-level spatial resolution, without the usage of a fitting procedure.

Optimized absolute testing method of shift-rotation.

The absolute testing method of shift-rotation that combines the traditional N-position method and Zernike polynomial fitting has been commonly employed in surface metrology. It preserves the high spatial frequency of the surface deviation with the N-position method to obtain the rotationally asymmetric surface deviation, but it suffers the kNθ order angular terms errors missed by the N-position method when it calculates the rotationally symmetric surface deviation with the Zernike rotationally symmetric polynomial fitting method. An optimized absolute testing method of shift-rotation is presented in this paper.