Nonviral targeted mRNA delivery: principles, progresses, and challenges.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have garnered considerable attention due to their remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and RSV mRNA vaccine have been approved on the market. Due to the inherent nuclease-instability and negative charge of mRNA, delivery systems are developed to protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate its crossing cell membrane to express functional proteins or peptides in the cytoplasm.

Methacrylated silk fibroin based composite hydrogel with ROS-scavenging and osteogenic ability to orchestrate diabetic bone regeneration.

The repair of diabetic bone defects is still filled with enormous challenges. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are regenerated in diabetic bone defect sites which is harmful to bone regeneration. Therefore, it's to a good strategy to scavenge the excess ROS to provide a friendly environment for diabetic bone defects repair.

A segmentation-combination data augmentation strategy and dual attention mechanism for accurate Chinese herbal medicine microscopic identification.

Introduction: Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), with its deep-rooted history and increasing global recognition, encounters significant challenges in automation for microscopic identification. These challenges stem from limitations in traditional microscopic methods, scarcity of publicly accessible datasets, imbalanced class distributions, and issues with small, unevenly distributed, incomplete, or blurred features in microscopic images.

Methods: To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel deep learning-based approach for Chinese Herbal Medicine Microscopic Identification (CHMMI).

Effect of CYP 3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 Gene Polymorphisms in Antirejection of Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Patients.

Background: Tacrolimus is a substrate of CYP 3A5; to reduce the rate of liver injury and rejection in liver transplant (LT) recipients, it is feasible to optimize the administration of tacrolimus by adding CYP gene polymorphism.

Methods: We divided 151 LT recipients randomly into an optimization group and a control group. All were tested routinely for clinical indicators such as FK506 trough concentration and biochemistry, and their complications and survival were observed.

Heavy metal pollution from standardized e-waste dismantling activities: Pollution index, risk assessment and intervening measures.

Due to the e-waste complexity and recycling technology limitations, more and more attention has been paid to the inevitable pollution in the standardized recycling process. This study systematically explores the heavy metals (HMs) (from surface dust) pollution characteristics and exposure risk of a typical e-waste dismantling plant (EDP) in South China. Further, this study explores the real level of health risks through valence analysis of a typical HM (Cr), and seeks effective measures to reduce exposure risk through behavioral science methods.

The role of stimuli of life events and sleep quality in the incidence of acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss.

Introduction: It is difficult to detect acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) because of only low-frequency hearing loss and atypical early symptoms. The etiology of ALHL is still elusive, and psychosomatic factors influence deafness and tinnitus. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the correlation between psychosomatic factors and the incidence of ALHL to facilitate the prevention of ALHL.

SERS-AI Based Detection and Bioanalysis of Malodorous Components in Kitchen Waste.

The prevention and control of odor gas generated from kitchen waste are significant missions in research on environmental pollution. Because of the high complexity and variability of kitchen waste, the development of a suitable technique with high sensitivity for the accurate detection of odor gas is an urgent and core task in this frontier field. Here, a technique combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and artificial intelligence (AI) is explored for detecting malodorous components in the leachate of kitchen waste.

Confrontation with kidney inflammation through a HMGB1-targeted peptide augments anti-fibrosis therapy.

Damage to the renal tubular epithelial cells (TEC) is a key cellular event in kidney inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. However, drugs targeting renal TEC (RTEC) are limited to the alleviation of kidney fibrosis. Lethal giant larvae 1 (Lgl1) plays a key role in epithelial cell polarity and proliferation.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles-Reinforced GelMA Hydrogel Loading Bone Marrow Stem Cells with Osteogenic and Inflammatory Regulatory Capacity for Bone Defect Repair.

Effective bone defect repair has been a tough clinical challenge due to the complexity of the bone defect microenvironment. Hydrogels loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely applied for bone regeneration. However, the low survival of BMSCs at the site of transplantation and lack of sufficient osteogenic induction capacity greatly limit their applications.

An investigation of machine learning methods applied to genomic prediction in yellow-feathered broilers.

Machine learning (ML) methods have rapidly developed in various theoretical and practical research areas, including predicting genomic breeding values for large livestock animals. However, few studies have investigated the application of ML in broiler breeding. In this study, seven different ML methods-support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), kernel ridge regression (KRR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were employed to predict the genomic breeding values of laying traits, growth and carcass traits in a yellow-feathered broiler breeding population.

Chitosan-melanin complex microsphere: A potential colonic delivery system for protein drugs.

The characteristics and performance of chitosan-based colon delivery systems are significantly influenced by the method of preparation. Insect chitosan-melanin complex (CMC) may offer superior attributes over traditional shrimp and crab chitosan (CS) for colon-targeted administration. This study used dung beetle CMC as the carrier matrix and comprehensively examined the impact of various crosslinking techniques on the colonic drug delivery efficacy of microspheres, encompassing drug loading, swelling, drug release behavior, adhesion, enzymatic degradation, and absorption enhancement.

Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography - time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) for the investigation of botanical origin of raw spirits.

Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography - time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) with sample introduction using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used for the botanical classification of raw spirits obtained from C3 (corn and sorghum) and C4 (rye, wheat and potato) plants. 45 spirit samples representing these raw materials (10 spirits produced from rye, corn, wheat and potato, and 5 from sorghum) were analyzed. Volatile compounds profiles were compared by PCA, and after removal of outliers samples were subjected to the classification model.

Single-cell transcriptomics and tissue metabolomics uncover mechanisms underlying wooden breast disease in broilers.

Accompanied by the accelerated growth rate of chickens, the quality of chicken meat has deteriorated in recent years. Wooden breast (WB) is a severe myopathy affecting meat quality, and its pathophysiology depends on gene expression and intercellular interactions of various cell types, which are not yet fully understood. We have performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic atlas of chicken WB muscle.

The impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on changes of coronary computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve.

Background: The effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on changes of computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) values was controversial. Thus, we aimed to identify the impact of TAVR on changes of CT-FFR values, plaque characteristics, and the associated clinical impact.

Methods: This single-center observational study included 39 consecutive patients with severe aortic valve disease undergone TAVR between August 2019 and April 2023, whom were performed with preoperative and postoperative coronary CT angiography (CCTA).

Wnt specifically induces FZD5/8 endocytosis and degradation and the involvement of RSPO-ZNRF3/RNF43 and DVL.

Frizzled (FZD) proteins are the principal receptors of the Wnt signaling pathway. However, whether Wnt ligands induce FZD endocytosis and degradation remains elusive. The transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases ZNRF3 and RNF43 promote the endocytosis and degradation of FZD receptors to inhibit Wnt signaling, and their function is antagonized by R-spondin (RSPO) proteins.

Poultry Nutrition: Achievement, Challenge, and Strategy.

Poultry, a vital economic animal, provide a high-quality protein source for human nutrition. Over the past decade, the poultry industry has witnessed substantial achievements in breeding, precision feeding, and welfare farming. However, there are still many challenges restricting the sustainable development of the poultry industry.

Synergistic Effect of GO and MXene Enables Ultrasensitive, Reversible, and Self-Powered Fire Warning of a GO/MXene/Chitosan Aerogel.

Graphene oxide (GO)-based fire alarm materials have garnered extensive attention because the thermal reduction of GO to reduced GO (RGO) enables rapid fire warning. However, they suffer from poor flame retardancy, irreversible fire warning, and dependence on an external power supply. Herein, a GO/MXene/chitosan aerogel with a low density of 0.

Molecular identification and biological characterization of from domestic pigeons () in Guangdong, China.

Pigeon coccidiosis caused by spp. is an important veterinary disease with a significant economic impact on the pigeon industry. Preventive measures for in pigeons have been hampered by the lack of extensive genetic, morphological, and biological data on the oocysts.

Total bile acid as a preoperative risk factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and normal bilirubin.

Background And Aims: Total bile acid (TBA) is associated with portal hypertension, a risk factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). We conducted this study to clarify whether TBA is also associated with PHLF in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: We recruited patients with HCC and Child-Pugh class A, who underwent liver resection, and applied multivariate analyses to identify risk factors for PHLF.