Cu-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Borylated Cyclopropanes with Three Contiguous Stereocenters.

Direct synthesis of enantioenriched scaffolds with multiple adjacent stereocenters remains an important yet challenging task. Herein, we describe a highly diastereo- and enantioselective Cu-catalyzed alkylboration of cyclopropenes, with less reactive alkyl iodides as electrophiles, for the efficient synthesis of -substituted borylated cyclopropanes bearing three consecutive stereocenters. This protocol features mild conditions, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance, affording an array of chiral borylated cyclopropanes in good to high yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities.

Single cell derived multicellular meristem: insights into male-to-hermaphrodite conversion and de novo meristem formation in ceratopteris.

Land plants alternate between asexual sporophytes and sexual gametophytes. Unlike seed plants, ferns develop free-living gametophytes. Gametophytes of the model fern Ceratopteris exhibit two sex types: hermaphrodites with pluripotent meristems and males lacking meristems.

Aligned membranes regulate wound healing via MMP12 secreted by macrophages.

Aligned electrospinning membranes (Align) have demonstrated the potential to enhance wound healing by establishing a regenerative microenvironment surrounding the wound; However, the precise mechanism underlying its facilitation of healing remains unclear. To elucidate aligned electrospun fiber membrane's role in accelerating wound healing and improving its quality, we conducted a comprehensive analysis. Firstly, in vivo experiments confirmed that Align promotes wound healing.

Donor-Interacting Arylated Carbazole Self-Assembled Monolayer Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics.

Carbazole-derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are promising materials for hole-extraction layer (HEL) in conventional organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, a SAM Cbz-2Ph derived from 3,6-diphenylcarbazole is demonstrated. The large molecular dipole moment of Cbz-2Ph allows the modulation of electrode work function to facilitate hole extraction and maximize photovoltage, thus improving the OPV performance.

Flap endonuclease 1 repairs DNA-protein cross-links via ADP-ribosylation-dependent mechanisms.

DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are among the most detrimental genomic lesions. They are ubiquitously produced by formaldehyde (FA), and failure to repair FA-induced DPCs blocks chromatin-based processes, leading to neurodegeneration and cancer. The type, structure, and repair of FA-induced DPCs remain largely unknown.

Pear-Shaped Disc as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Sclerotic Modic Changes After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Objective: Pear-shaped disc could increase the risk of intraoperative end-plate injury, which may lead to postoperative sclerotic Modic Changes (MCs). However, there are no studies on the relationship between pear-shaped disc and postoperative sclerotic MCs. Therefore, this study investigates the risk factors for postoperative sclerotic MCs following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).

Meta-analysis of the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on the development of dysgeusia in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

This study was conducted by searching electronic databases from January 1, 2000 to August 8, 2023: Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Wan-fang Database were included in 14 studies with a total sample size of 1630 cases. This study conducted a meta-analysis of the literature published in recent years on the occurrence of dysgeusia in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with non-pharmacological treatment, in order to provide the latest evidence-based evidence for medical staff and provide a basis for further intervention of dysgeusia in HNSCC patients. Compared with conventional care in the control group, In the experimental group, the non-pharmacological intervention reduced the score of dysgeusia [MD = - 0.

Inactivation of Lipopolysaccharide-Biosynthesizing Genes Altered Lipids Composition and Intensity in .

Gram-negative bacteria possess an asymmetric outer membrane, where the outer leaflet consists of LPSs and the inner leaflet comprises phospholipids. , an opportunistic milk-borne pathogen that causes severe neonatal meningitis and bacteremia, displays diverse lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures. As a barrier of the bacterial cell, LPSs likely influenced resistance to environment stresses; however, there are no research reports on this aspect, hindering the development of novel bactericidal strategies overcoming the pathogen's resilience.

Nuclear Structure, Size Regulation, and Role in Cell Migration.

The nucleus serves as a pivotal regulatory and control hub in the cell, governing numerous aspects of cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing. Therefore, any deviations in nuclear morphology, structure, or organization can strongly affect cellular activities. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the structure and function of nuclear components, focusing on the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, the nuclear envelope, the nuclear lamina, and chromatin.

Recent Advances in Cellulose Nanofiber Modification and Characterization and Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Films for Eco-Friendly Active Food Packaging.

There is growing interest in the use of bio-based materials as viable alternatives to petrochemical-based packaging. However, the practical application of bio-based films is often hampered by their poor barrier and poor mechanical properties. In this context, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their exceptional biodegradability, high aspect ratio, and large surface area.

Identification of macrophage polarisation and mitochondria-related biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: The activation of macrophages or microglia in patients' whole body or local eyes play significant roles in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mitochondrial function regulates the inflammatory polarization of macrophages. Therefore, the common mechanism of mitochondrial related genes (MRGs) and macrophage polarisation related genes (MPRGs) in DR is explored in our study to illustrate the pathophysiology of DR.

C5aR1-positive adipocytes mediate non-shivering thermogenesis in neonatal mice.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in maintaining body temperature in newborn mammals; however, its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of a special population of brown adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in neonatal mice that highly express CD45 and can be differentiated into adipocytes with lower thermogenic ability. These CD45 adipocytes also characteristically contained complement C5a receptor 1(C5aR1) on the cell membrane.

Acquisition and transcriptomic analysis of tissue micro-regions using a capillary-based method.

Profiling the site-specific transcriptomes of microregions of interest (mROIs) contributes to a complete understanding of multicellular organisms. However, the simple and efficient isolation of mROIs for spatially detecting gene expression remains challenging. Here, we develop an efficient capillary-based microdissection system (CMS) for precisely isolating targeted samples from tissue sections.

Effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has shown potential in neurological, autoimmune, and cardiovascular disorders, but its effects on HD patients remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tVNS in HD patients.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial on patients receiving HD ≥6 months.

Novel and efficient yeast-based strategies for subunit vaccine delivery against COVID-19.

Yeast shows promise as a delivery system for drugs and vaccines due to its specific targeting and immunogenic properties. The objective of this research is to create novel and effective yeast-based methods for delivering subunit vaccines. Through the modification of yeast expression plasmids and optimization of expression techniques, a new dual-expression system has been developed.

Development and Validation of the Self-Management Questionnaire for Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease Who Underwent Endovascular Revascularization.

Introduction: To develop and psychometrically validate the Self-management Questionnaire for Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease Patients Who Underwent Endovascular Revascularization (LESQ).

Methods: We developed the LESQ and validated it in a Chinese population. A three-round cross-sectional descriptive survey in six hospitals in China, involving samples of 271, 269, and 623 participants, respectively.

The nuclear sulfenome of Arabidopsis: spotlight on histone acetyltransferase GCN5 regulation through functional thiols.

In aerobic life forms, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the partial reduction of oxygen during energy-generating metabolic processes. In plants, ROS production increases during periods of both abiotic and biotic stress, severely overloading the antioxidant systems. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a central role in cellular redox homeostasis and signaling by oxidising crucial cysteines to sulfenic acid, which is considered a biologically relevant post-translational modification (PTM).

Unc5b prevents macrophage-derived foam cell migration and promotes atherosclerotic development via the P53-cuproptosis signaling pathway.

Background: Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of macrophage-derived foam cells in the arterial intima. Facilitating the egress of these cells from plaques can significantly slow disease progression. The transmembrane receptor Unc5b, a vascular-specific axon guidance receptor, is upregulated in foam cells, and inhibits their migration from the plaques.

Sevoflurane Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting the circ_CDR1as/miR-671-5p/HMGA1 Axis.

Sevoflurane (Sev) has a cardioprotective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether the circ_CDR1as/miR-671-5p/HMGA1 axis mediates the cardioprotective effect of Sev in MI/RI. Cardiomyocytes underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment was used to simulate MI/RI in vitro.

Systemic heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder revealed by individualized structural covariance network analysis.

Background And Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is clinically heterogeneous, and resent neuroimaging studies have shown the presence of brain structural heterogeneity in ASD. However, there is currently a lack of evidence for systemic level brain structural heterogeneity. This study aimed to reveal the heterogeneity of brain structural changes at the systemic level in ASD patients through individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) analysis.

Design of an Ultra-Highly Stable Lithium-Sulfur Battery by Regulating the Redox Activity of Electrocatalyst and the Growth of Lithium Dendrite through Localized Electric Field.

Polysulfide shuttling and dendrite growth are two primary challenges that significantly limit the practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a three-in-one strategy for a separator based on a localized electrostatic field is demonstrated to simultaneously achieve shuttle inhibition of polysulfides, catalytic activation of the Li-S reaction, and dendrite-free plating of lithium ions. Specifically, an interlayer of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (PNF) incorporating poled BaTiO (PBTO) particles and coating with a layer of MoS (PBTO@PNF-MoS) is developed on the PP separator.

Gut microbiota's role in high-altitude cognitive impairment: the therapeutic potential of Clostridium sp. supplementation.

Prolonged exposure to high-altitude environments may increase the risk of cognitive decline in young migrants. Recent studies suggest that hypobaric hypoxia-induced alterations in gut microbial composition could partly contribute to this risk. However, the absence of direct evidence from cohort studies and an unclear mechanism hinder intervention development based on this hypothesis.

Identification of a novel subtype of SPP1 + macrophages expressing SIRPα: implications for tumor immune evasion and treatment response prediction.

Background: SPP1 + macrophages are among the major phagocytic cells, yet promoting tumor immune evasion and predicting unfavorable prognosis, in various cancer types. Meanwhile, the predictive value of the abundance of SPP1 + macrophages in patients receiving immunotherapy remains debatable, indicating the potential existence of subtypes of SPP1 + macrophages with diverse biological functions.

Methods: The single cell RNA sequencing data of myeloid cells integrated from several cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed for characterizing the function and cellular interactions of SPP1 + macrophages expressing SIRPα.

The impact of sidewall copper grain condition on thermo-mechanical behaviors of TSVs during the annealing process.

With the drastic reduction of the TSV diameter leading to a critical dimension comparable to the Cu-filled grain size, the grain condition strongly influences the thermo-mechanical behavior of the TSV. In this work, the TSV-Cu cross-section with different grain sizes is characterized by EBSD, confirming that the sidewall grain size (0.638-1.