The Relationship Between Jugular Foramen Schwannoma and Surrounding Membrane Structures and Its Surgical Application.

Background And Objectives: Surgical resection of jugular foramen (JF) schwannomas with minimal neurological complications is challenging because of their difficult-to-access location and complex relationships with surrounding neurovascular structures, even for experienced neurosurgeons. In this article, we elucidate the membranous anatomy of JF schwannomas, with the aim of reducing iatrogenic injury to the lower cranial nerves (LCNs) during surgery.

Methods: The clinical data of 31 consecutive patients with JF schwannomas were reviewed.

Applying the en-bloc technique in corpus callosum glioblastoma surgery contributes to maximal resection and better prognosis: a retrospective study.

Background: Corpus callosum glioblastoma (ccGBM) is a specific type of GBM and has worse outcomes than other non-ccGBMs. We sought to identify whether en-bloc resection of ccGBMs based on T2-FLAIR imaging contributes to clinical outcomes and can achieve a satisfactory balance between maximal resection and preservation of neurological function.

Methods: A total of 106 adult ccGBM patients (including astrocytoma, WHO grade 4, IDH mutation, and glioblastoma) were obtained from the Department of Neurosurgery in Nanfang Hospital between January 2008 and December 2018.

Supramaximal resection based on en-bloc technique reduces tumor burden and prolongs survival in primary supratentorial lobar glioblastoma.

Purpose: Resection beyond the contrast-enhanced zone contributed to reduce tumor burden and prolong survival in glioblastomas. The optimal extent of resection (EOR) and how to achieve it are worthy of continuous investigation for obtaining a satisfactory balance between maximal resection and the preservation of neurological function.

Methods: A total of 340 adult supratentorial lobar glioblastomas (included astrocytoma, WHO 4, IDH mutation and glioblastoma) were retrospectively evaluated.

A Four-Gene Panel for the Prediction of Prognosis and Immune Cell Enrichment in Gliomas.

Backgrounds: Gliomas is a deadly disease without effective therapy. Although immunotherapy has provided novel choices for glioma treatment, the curative efficacy is unsatisfactory due to the complex immune micro-environment and the heterogeneity of the disease. Therefore, it is urgent to identify effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Classification of unilateral thalamic gliomas predicts tumor resection and patient's survival: a single center retrospective study.

Background: To propose our classification about unilateral thalamic gliomas, and to describe relationship between the classification and clinical characteristics including symptoms, surgical approaches and survival, which should contribute to the treatment and the prognostic prediction of unilateral thalamic gliomas.

Methods: A total of 66 adult unilateral thalamic glioma patients with pathologic confirmation between January 2010 and December 2018 were retrospectively investigated.

Results: Unilateral thalamic gliomas could be divided into quadrigeminal cistern and ventricle extension type (Type Q), lateral type (Type L) and anterior type (Type A) according to tumor location, extensive polarity and location of ipsilateral posterior limb of internal capsule.

Silencing ATF4 inhibits JMJD3-dependent JUNB/ETS1 axis and mitigates cerebral ischemic injury.

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is known to play an important role in cerebral ischemia through apoptosis and neuron regulation. Histone demethylase JMJD3, specifically removing the methylation of H3K27me3, is highlighted to attenuate cerebral ischemic injury. However, few studies have explored the interaction between ATF4 and JMJD3 in this disease.

Overexpression of ORX or MCH Protects Neurological Function Against Ischemic Stroke.

In recent years, orexin (ORX) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) have been demonstrated to exert neuroprotective roles in cerebral ischemia. Hence, this study investigated the regulatory function of ORX and MCH in neurological function following ischemic stroke and explored the molecular mechanism underlying these functions. A rat model of ischemic stroke was developed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and Longa scoring was employed to evaluate the degree of neurological function deficit.

Ventricle wall resection contributes to supramaximal resection and prognosis in SVZ-involved frontal gliomas: A single center retrospective study.

Background: Frontal glioma frequently invaded the subventricular zone (SVZ), which existed glioma stem cells and might be involved in the development of primary and recurrent gliomas. We attempted to identify whether ventricle wall resection contributed to the maximal extent of resection (EOR) and increased the patient's survival during frontal glioma resection.

Methods: A total of 151 adult patients with primary SVZ-involved frontal gliomas were obtained between January 2012 and December 2018.

A Hybrid Strategy for Patients With Complex Cerebral Aneurysm: STA-MCA Bypass in Combination With Endovascular Embolization.

This work aims to present our experience of patients with complex cerebral aneurysm treated with a hybrid approach: superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in combination with endovascular exclusion of the aneurysm. Patients with aneurysms deemed unclippable and uncoilable were included. All patients were treated with a hybrid approach.

Establishing a papillary craniopharyngioma cell line by SV40LT-mediated immortalization.

Background: Craniopharyngioma represents a troublesome tumor of the intracranial sellar region. There are currently no available well-characterized craniopharyngioma cell lines. This lack of reliable, immortal cell lines is a major reason for the slow progress in fundamental research related to craniopharyngioma.

Correction to: A complex mechanism for HDGF-mediated cell growth, migration, invasion, and TMZ chemosensitivity in glioma.

In the original publication, there are errors in Fig. 3D and Fig. 5C and are corrected as follows.

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00475 silencing acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma under hypoxic condition by impairing microRNA-449b-5p-dependent AGAP2 up-regulation.

Objective: Long non-coding RNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of a variety of cancers, including glioma. Through microarray analyses, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00475 (LINC00475) was identified in the glioma development. However, its potential role remains incompletely understood.

Flow evaluation of STA-MCA bypass using quantitative ultrasonography: An alternative to standard angiography for follow up of bypass graft.

Purpose: To date, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been considered as the gold imaging modality for assessing graft patency after extracranial-intracranial bypass. The utility of a noninvasive and quantitative method of assessing graft flow postoperatively was evaluated by using quantitative ultrasonography.

Method: All STA-MCA bypass surgery performed over a 5-year period at a single institution were reviewed.

Membrane Structures Between Craniopharyngioma and the Third Ventricle Floor Based on the QST Classification and Its Significance: A Pathological Study.

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between craniopharyngiomas (CP) and the third ventricle floor by analyzing the membranes between them. Eight fetal specimens were first examined by hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining to determine optimal markers for identifying membrane structures in the sellar region. Then, 17 CP with third ventricle floor involvement that had been removed by total en bloc resection through a transsphenoidal approach were examined.

Identification of tumor stem-like cells in admanatimomatous craniopharyngioma and determination of these cells' pathological significance.

Objective: Nuclear β-catenin, a hallmark of active canonical Wnt signaling, can be histologically detected in a subset of cells and cell clusters in up to 94% of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) samples. However, it is unclear whether nuclear β-catenin-containing cells within human ACPs possess the characteristics of tumor stem cells, and it is unknown what role these cells have in ACP.

Methods: Primary ACP cells were cultured from 12 human ACP samples.

Exosomes derived from microRNA-199a-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells inhibit glioma progression by down-regulating AGAP2.

Accumulating evidence has implied that microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in glioma progression, and genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells can help to inhibit tumor growth of glioma. Herein we hypothesized that miR-199a could be delivered by mesenchymal stem cells to glioma cells through exosomes and thus prevent the glioma development by down-regulating ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 (AGAP2). The expression pattern of miR-199a and AGAP2 was characterized in glioma tissues and cells using RNA polymerase chain reaction quantification, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assays.

Acquired temozolomide resistance in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma cells is associated with regulation of DNA repair by DHC2.

The acquisition of temozolomide resistance is a major clinical challenge for glioblastoma treatment. Chemoresistance in glioblastoma is largely attributed to repair of temozolomide-induced DNA lesions by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). However, some MGMT-deficient glioblastomas are still resistant to temozolomide, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

LncRNA SNHG6 functions as a ceRNA to regulate neuronal cell apoptosis by modulating miR-181c-5p/BIM signalling in ischaemic stroke.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of brain and neurodegenerative disorders. As far as we know, the functions and potential mechanisms of small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) in ischaemic stroke have not been explored. This study aimed to examine the functional role of SNHG6 in the ischaemic stroke.

Pathological Relationship Between Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma and Adjacent Structures Based on QST Classification.

The aim of this study was to clarify pathological and anatomical relationships between adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACP) and their surrounding structures. We previously established a QST classification scheme based on the apparent anatomic origin of the tumors. According to this classification, 13 type Q tumors, 6 type S tumors, and 42 type T ACPs were analyzed.

Risk score for the prediction of severe obesity in pediatric craniopharyngiomas: relative to tumor origin.

BackgroundWe aimed to develop a risk score to improve the prediction of severe obesity in pediatric craniopharyngiomas (PCs).MethodsOverall, 612 consecutive PCs were prospectively enrolled from six hospitals. Data from 404 participants were analyzed.

Hypoxia-induced PLOD2 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion via PI3K/Akt signaling in glioma.

Gliomas are the most common form of malignant primary brain tumors with poor 5-year survival rate. Dysregulation of procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) was observed in gliomas, but the specific role and molecular mechanism of PLOD2 in glioma have not been reported yet. In this study, PLOD2 was found to be frequently up-regulated in glioma and could serve as an independent prognostic marker to identify patients with poor clinical outcome.

Prediction and Analysis of Key Genes in Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics.

Understanding the mechanisms of glioblastoma at the molecular and structural level is not only interesting for basic science but also valuable for biotechnological application, such as the clinical treatment. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal and identify the key genes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The results obtained in the present study signified the importance of some genes, such as COL3A1, FN1, and MMP9, for glioblastoma.

Preliminary Study on Composition and Microstructure of Calcification in Craniopharyngiomas.

To analyze the element composition and microstructure of calcification in craniopharyngiomas and to explore the differences among differing degrees of calcification, 50 consecutive patients with craniopharyngioma were selected. X-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis were performed on the calcified plaques isolated from the tumor specimens. All calcified plaques were constituted of hydroxyapatite crystals and some amorphous materials.

Determining an Optimal Cutoff of Serum β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin for Assisting the Diagnosis of Intracranial Germinomas.

Background: Beta (β)-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) is used to confirm the diagnosis and plan treatment of intracranial germinomas. However, the cutoff values of serum β-HCG in diagnosis of intracranial germinomas reported in the literature are inconsistent. To establish an appropriate cutoff value of serum β-HCG for diagnosis of intracranial germinomas, we retrospectively reviewed the records of intracranial tumor patients who received serum β-HCG and α-fetoprotein (AFP) tests for diagnostic purposes at our hospital from 2005 to 2014.