Real-world treatment patterns and survival in extensive stage small-cell lung cancer in Japan.

Objective: To describe standard of care and inform the evolving unmet need among extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients in Japan since approval of first-line anti-PD-L1 therapies, we describe treatment patterns and overall survival by line of therapy.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of adult ES-SCLC patients in Japan using de-identified patient data within the MDV database (hospital-based claims) to describe treatment patterns and DeSC database (payer-based claims linked to mortality of municipality records) to describe both treatment patterns and real-world overall survival (rwOS).

Results: The study population of MDV and DeSC cohorts included 6302 and 903 patients, respectively.

Development of an algorithm to identify small cell lung cancer patients in claims databases.

Introduction: The treatment landscape of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is evolving. Evidence generated from administrative claims is needed to characterize real-world SCLC patients. However, the current ICD-10 coding system cannot distinguish SCLC from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and uncontrolled trials reporting on the use of checkpoint blockers in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune disease.

Background: Cancer patients with autoimmune disease have been excluded from randomized trials of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). We conducted a systematic review of observational studies and uncontrolled trials including cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease who received ICBs.

Methods: We searched 5 electronic databases through November 2023.

Association of Bone Mineral Density Testing With Risk of Major Osteoporotic Fractures Among Older Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy to Treat Localized or Regional Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Bone health screening is recommended for patients with prostate cancer who are initiating treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); however, bone mineral density screening rates in the US and their association with fracture prevention are unknown.

Objective: To assess dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening rates and their association with fracture rates among older men with prostate cancer initiating treatment with androgen deprivation therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and the Texas Cancer Registry linked with Medicare claims.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Mortality in Elderly Patients With Early Breast Cancer.

Objective: Patients with cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may have worse outcomes than those without SLE, given their comorbidities. We examined survival in elderly women with breast cancer (BC) and SLE and hypothesized that survival would be decreased compared with women with BC but without SLE.

Methods: We identified patients with BC and SLE and patients with BC without SLE in the Texas Cancer Registry and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, linked to Medicare claims.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated sarcoidosis: A usually benign disease that does not require immunotherapy discontinuation.

Objective: To analyse the clinical patterns of sarcoidosis triggered by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with cancer.

Patients And Methods: The ImmunoCancer International Registry is a big data-sharing multidisciplinary network from 18 countries dedicated to evaluating the clinical research of immune-related adverse events related to cancer immunotherapies.

Results: We identified 32 patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis.

The role of bone-modifying agents in myeloma bone disease.

Bone disease is common in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), which manifests as bone pain and skeletal-related events (SREs) such as pathological fractures and spinal cord compression. Myeloma bone disease (MBD) can adversely affect the quality of life of patients and have negative effects on morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of MBD is complex, and several factors are involved in the dysregulation of bone metabolism and uncoupling of bone remodeling, which result in net bone loss and devastating SREs.

Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with pre-existing sarcoidosis.

To evaluate adverse events in cancer patients with pre-existing sarcoidosis receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We retrospectively reviewed cancer patients with sarcoidosis who underwent treatment with ICI to determine frequency of sarcoidosis flares. 32 patients with sarcoidosis received ICIs The median time to ICI initiation was 7 years (range: 1 month to 51 years).

Inflammatory Myositis in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis (ICI-myositis) in cancer patients receiving ICIs, and to report associated clinical manifestations, patterns of care, and outcomes.

Methods: We identified a retrospective cohort of patients receiving ICIs between 2016 and 2019 seen at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cases of ICI-myositis were identified using International Classification of Disease codes and confirmed by reviewing medical records and pathology, as available.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw induced by treatment with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy: a case report.

Recognizing rare but clinically significant toxicity of immunotherapy is critical. Here we describe the first detailed case of severe osteonecrosis of the jaw due to anti-PD-1. A 75-year-old man with metastatic melanoma, with no prior radiation or treatment with bone-targeting agents, experienced jaw pain 1 week after his first dose of nivolumab.

Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) 2020 clinical practice recommendations for the management of immune-mediated cardiovascular, rheumatic, and renal toxicities from checkpoint inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as the newest pillar of cancer treatment. Immune-mediated toxicities, stemming from increased activity within the T cell lineage, range from asymptomatic or mild complications to those that are fulminant and potentially fatal. Although they are of variable occurrence, cardiovascular, rheumatic, and renal immune-mediated toxicities are among the most serious of these adverse events.

Overall survival in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and solid malignancies receiving biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic therapy.

Introduction/objectives: The effects of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer are largely unknown. We examined overall survival (OS) in patients with RA and solid malignancies receiving bDMARDs.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with RA and solid malignancies seen at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2002 and 2014.

Cancer and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with cancer is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. A few studies have examined the risk for recurrence in patients with RA receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, primarily tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors. Although these agents seem to be safe in patients with a history of cancer and no evidence of disease, additional information is needed to determine their potential effects in patients with RA and active cancer.

Utilization of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.

Introduction: Biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) interfere with the immune system and could theoretically increase risk of malignancies. However, recent evidence has not substantiated such concerns and physicians are less reluctant in treating patients with underlying cancer with such bDMARDs. We aimed to understand the current utilization patterns of bDMARDs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in cancer patients.

Sicca/Sjögren's syndrome triggered by PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. Data from the International ImmunoCancer Registry (ICIR).

Objectives: To analyse the worldwide occurrence of sicca/Sjögren's (SS) syndrome associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with cancer.

Methods: The ImmunoCancer International Registry (ICIR) is a Big Data-Sharing multidisciplinary network composed by 40 specialists in Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Immunology and Oncology from 18 countries focused on the clinical and basic research of the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) related to cancer immunotherapies. For this study, patients who were investigated for a clinical suspicion of SS after being exposed to ICI were included.

Arthritis risk with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the current evidence on inflammatory arthritis following cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and the effects of these therapies in patients with preexisting autoimmune arthritis.

Recent Findings: As the use of ICI for cancer therapy continues to expand, a myriad of immune-related adverse events (irAE) caused by these therapies are being recognized. Arthritis has been increasingly reported as a de novo irAE, presenting sometimes as a well defined disorder, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, and in other occasions as undifferentiated monoarthritis, oligoarthritis, or polyarthritis.

Fracture risk prediction using FRAX in patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Unlabelled: We aimed to study the utility of the FRAX tool in predicting fractures in patient's receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our results indicate that the FRAX tool has modest fracture predictive ability in patients greater than 50 years of age at the time of HSCT.

Purpose: Identifying patients at high risk of osteoporotic fractures following HSCT is challenging.

Ibandronate for the prevention of bone loss after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies: a randomized-controlled trial.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ibandronate on bone loss following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). A single-centered, open-label prospective randomized-controlled study following allo-SCT. The treatment group received 3 mg of intravenous ibandronate quarterly starting within 45 days of allo-SCT.

Autoimmune myelofibrosis and systemic lupus erythematosus in a middle-aged male presenting only with severe anemia: a case report.

Autoimmune myelofibrosis is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that occasionally occurs with autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. Most cases of autoimmune myelofibrosis have been reported in female patients with a known history of SLE. We report a case of a middle-aged male patient with an unusual presentation of SLE and autoimmune myelofibrosis who presented only with severe anemia initially and was later diagnosed with SLE and autoimmune myelofibrosis.