Intra-individual variability and circadian rhythm of vascular endothelial growth factors in subjects with normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes.

Unlabelled: Increased levels of systemic vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) in patients with diabetes are associated with increased risk of microvessel disease. On the other hand, low VEGF levels after intravitreal antibody application may be associated with acute cardiovascular complications and treatment failure. Individual levels of systemic VEGF vary in a wide range depending on analytical methods and quality of diabetes control.

Risk of and risk factors for hypoglycemia and associated arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a cohort study under real-world conditions.

Aims: Severe hypoglycemia is one of the strongest predictors of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our study addressed the question whether there is a relationship between hypoglycemic events (HE) and severe cardiac arrhythmias in type 2 diabetic patients with established clinical risk factors under real-world conditions.

Methods: We included 94 patients with type 2 diabetes and documented cardiovascular disease, in which interstitial glucose values and Holter ECG were recorded for 5 days in parallel.

Relationship between hypoglycemic episodes and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: silent hypoglycemias and silent arrhythmias.

Objective: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), intensive treatment with insulin and/or sulfonylurea (SU) may be associated with excessive increased risk of hypoglycemic episodes. To evaluate the risk of critical arrhythmias related to glycemic variability, we carried out an observational study in type 2 diabetes patients with CVD.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes and documented CVD who had been treated with insulin and/or SU underwent 5 days of monitoring with a continuous glucose measurement system along with parallel electrocardiogram recording for monitoring of ventricular arrhythmias.