Accuracy and precision of the volume-concentration method for urban stormwater modeling.

Land use based models have been widely used to estimate stormwater pollutant loads for establishing standards and selecting best management practices. Land use information is required to assign imperviousness or runoff coefficients and event mean concentrations for selected pollutants to the areas of the watersheds. This approach is useful to estimate the total mass discharges, but is dependent on various assumptions for parameters, which have rarely been validated with full-scale field data.

Design of stormwater monitoring programs.

Stormwater runoff is now the leading source of water pollution in the United States, and stormwater monitoring programs have only recently been developed. This paper evaluates several stormwater monitoring programs to identify ways of increasing the likelihood of identification of high-risk dischargers and increasing data reliability for assisting in the development of total maximum daily loads. No relationship was found between various types of industrial activity or landuse and water quality data.