Single cell dynamics of tumor specificity vs bystander activity in CD8 T cells define the diverse immune landscapes in colorectal cancer.

CD8 T cell activation via immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is successful in microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. By comparison, the success of immunotherapy against microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC is limited. Little is known about the most critical features of CRC CD8 T cells that together determine the diverse immune landscapes and contrasting ICB responses.

Hemicolectomy versus appendectomy for patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours 1-2 cm in size: a retrospective, Europe-wide, pooled cohort study.

Background: Awareness of the potential global overtreatment of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of 1-2 cm in size by performing oncological resections is increasing, but the rarity of this tumour has impeded clear recommendations to date. We aimed to assess the malignant potential of appendiceal NETs of 1-2 cm in size in patients with or without right-sided hemicolectomy.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we pooled data from 40 hospitals in 15 European countries for patients of any age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status with a histopathologically confirmed appendiceal NET of 1-2 cm in size who had a complete resection of the primary tumour between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2010.

Nonoperative versus operative approach according to the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To report on organ preservation following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in a prospective cohort of locally advanced rectal cancer patients.

Methods And Materials: Fifty-two patients received CRT. MRI and F-FDG-PET/CT were performed prior to CRT.

68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Distinguishes Neuroendocrine Tumor Mesenteric Lymph Node Metastasis From an Extensive IgG4-Positive Fibrosis Surrounding It.

A 56-year-old woman presented with right iliac fossa pain. Abdominal CT showed a mesenteric mass in the right iliac fossa, adjacent to the vena cava inferior and right ureter. Biopsy of the mass revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor.

Importance of Lymph Node Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Tumor response and lymph node involvement are the most important prognosticators in resected patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). We hypothesize that lymph node response (LNR) is also a valuable prognosticator in these patients, potentially revealing the added effect of nCRT.

Methods: Hematoxylin and eosin slides of 193 esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with clinical suspicion of lymph node involvement (cN+) and treated with nCRT between 2008 and 2015 were assessed.

An Integrated Gene Expression Landscape Profiling Approach to Identify Lung Tumor Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Angiogenic Candidates.

Heterogeneity of lung tumor endothelial cell (TEC) phenotypes across patients, species (human/mouse), and models (in vivo/in vitro) remains poorly inventoried at the single-cell level. We single-cell RNA (scRNA)-sequenced 56,771 endothelial cells from human/mouse (peri)-tumoral lung and cultured human lung TECs, and detected 17 known and 16 previously unrecognized phenotypes, including TECs putatively regulating immune surveillance. We resolved the canonical tip TECs into a known migratory tip and a putative basement-membrane remodeling breach phenotype.

Interobserver, intraobserver, and interlaboratory variability in reporting pT4a colon cancer.

Clinical significance of the pT4 category in colon cancer is increasing with several therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability in diagnosing pT4a colon cancer. Twelve pathologists classified 66 preselected scanned Hematoxylin/Eosin-stained slides with tumor cells at a distance of 25-1500 μm (n = 22), 0-25 μm (n = 22), or on (n = 22) the peritoneal surface.

Rapid clinical mutational testing of , and : a prospective comparative analysis of the Idylla technique with high-throughput next-generation sequencing.

Aims: Precision medicine therapy is remodelling the diagnostic landscape of cancer. The success of these new therapies is often based on the presence or absence of a specific mutation in a tumour. The Idylla platform is designed to determine the mutational status of a tumour as quickly and accurately as possible, as a rapid, accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance for the treatment of patients.

Correction to: Secondary B-cell lymphoma associated with the Epstein-Barr virus in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12308-016-0273-8.].

MALT Lymphoma as a Model of Chronic Inflammation-Induced Gastric Tumor Development.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, or extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT, is an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma linked with preexisting chronic inflammation. The stomach is the most commonly affected organ and the MALT lymphoma pathogenesis is clearly associated with Helicobacter pylori gastroduodenitis. Inflammation induces the lymphoid infiltrates in extranodal sites, where the lymphoma then subsequently develops.

PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint and p53 loss facilitate tumor progression in activated B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

Refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) often associates with the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype and genetic alterations that drive constitutive NF-κB activation and impair B-cell terminal differentiation. Here, we show that DNA damage response by p53 is a central mechanism suppressing the pathogenic cooperation of IKK2ca-enforced canonical NF-κB and impaired differentiation resulting from Blimp1 loss in ABC-DLBCL lymphomagenesis. We provide evidences that the interplay between these genetic alterations and the tumor microenvironment select for additional molecular addictions that promote lymphoma progression, including aberrant coexpression of FOXP1 and the B-cell mutagenic enzyme activation-induced deaminase, and immune evasion through major histocompatibility complex class II downregulation, PD-L1 upregulation, and T-cell exhaustion.

Delayed Bleeding of the Transplant Duodenum After Simultaneous Kidney-pancreas Transplantation: Case Series.

Background: In simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant recipients, the majority of complications described in the literature, are early postoperative complications. However, there is growing attention for late complications associated with SPK transplantation.

Methods: In this case series, we present 3 cases, 2 enterically and 1 bladder-derived SPK transplant patients, with anastomotic hemorrhage of the donor duodenum as a very late complication, >10 years after transplantation (11, 22, and 18 y later, respectively).

Solid Tumor-Induced Immune Regulation Alters the GvHD/GvT Paradigm after Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Growth of solid tumors is often associated with the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been suggested that the influence of the TME may extend beyond the local tumor and results in systemic immunosuppression. Here, we utilize two murine cancer models to explore the influence of solid tumors on the occurrence of alloreactivity-driven GvHD and graft-versus-solid tumor (GvT) effects following MHC-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT).

Quiescent Endothelial Cells Upregulate Fatty Acid β-Oxidation for Vasculoprotection via Redox Homeostasis.

Little is known about the metabolism of quiescent endothelial cells (QECs). Nonetheless, when dysfunctional, QECs contribute to multiple diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that proliferating endothelial cells (PECs) use fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) for de novo dNTP synthesis.

ypT0N+: the unusual patient with pathological complete tumor response but with residual lymph node disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for esophageal cancer, what's up?

Background: Little is known about the prognostic significance of residual nodal disease in otherwise complete pathologic responders (ypT0N+) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) for esophageal cancer (EC). The purpose is to analyze the long-term outcomes of EC patients with ypT0N+ following nCRT and esophagectomy.

Methods: From a single institution database, 466 consecutive EC patients undergoing esophagectomy after nCRT were collected (1996-2016).

Other immunomodulatory agent-related lymphoproliferative diseases: a single-center series of 72 biopsy-confirmed cases.

Ongoing development of new drugs, as well as novel indications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases leads to the increasing use of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs. Immunomodulatory agent-related lymphoproliferative disorders are a known and potentially life threatening complication of chronic administration of these drugs, but are less well characterized compared with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. The heterogeneous drug targets, various underlying disease indications, different drug combinations used and relatively low incidence render data collection and interpretation difficult.

Richter transformation driven by Epstein-Barr virus reactivation during therapy-related immunosuppression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

The increased risk of Richter transformation (RT) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy with fludarabine other targeted agents remains controversial. Among 31 RT cases classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), seven (23%) showed EBV expression. In contrast to EBV tumours, EBV DLBCLs derived predominantly from IGVH-hypermutated CLL, and they also showed CLL-unrelated IGVH sequences more frequently.

Tumor Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer: What Do We Know So Far?

Colorectal cancer is not one disease but rather a collection of neoplastic diseases. Due to heterogeneity in the disease biology, therapy response, and prognosis, extensive disease stratification is required. Therefore, TNM stage, microsatellite status, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and other parameters are assessed in the pathology report to indicate the extent and prognosis of the disease.

Cytoreductive surgery and Hyperthermic intra-operative peritoneal chemotherapy with Cisplatin for gastric peritoneal Carcinomatosis Monocentric phase-2 nonrandomized prospective clinical trial.

Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intra-operative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPC) for gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is controversial, and selection criteria for this treatment modality are lacking.

Methods: Thirty-two patients (F/M ratio 12/20; median (range) age 58 (32-75) years) underwent CRS + HIPC with cisplatin for PC from gastric adenocarcinoma in 2010-2014. This monocentric phase-2 nonrandomized prospective study with a power of 90% aimed to improve the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate with 40% (historical reference of 52% to 72%).