A Systematic Review on the Current Landscape of T1 Bladder Cancer Substaging.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the current state of T1 bladder tumor substaging. These neoplasms display significant heterogeneity in oncological behavior and prognosis, leading to the proposal of various substaging methods. Our aim was to investigate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of substaging in stage T1 bladder cancer for better oncologic outcomes.

Obstructive uropathy: Overview of the pathogenesis, etiology and management of a prevalent cause of acute kidney injury.

Obstructive uropathy is defined as the structural or functional interruption of urinary outflow at any level in the urinary tract. It is regarded as one of the most prevalent causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), accounting for 5%-10% of cases. Acute severe obstruction of the urinary tract is a potentially threatening situation for the kidneys and therefore requires prompt identification and management to relieve obstruction.

Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: A Step towards a Future Treatment.

: The improvement of absent or partial response in the medical treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) has led to the development of minimally invasive new treatment modalities in the field of regenerative medicine. : A literature review on stem cell therapy for the treatment of ED was performed. We searched for the terms "erectile dysfunction" and "stem cell therapy" in PubMed and Clinicaltrials.