Exploring the Reactivity of Rigid 1-Azadienes Derived from Methylene γ-Lactams. Applications to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiro-γ-Lactams.

A study on the reactivity of rigid 1-azadienes derived from methylene γ-lactams is reported. Through the functionalization of 1-amino α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam derivatives, easily available from a multicomponent reaction of amines, aldehydes, and pyruvates, it is possible to in situ generate rigid 1-azadienes locked by a γ-lactam core. The 4π-electron system of those rigid 1-azadienes can behave as both diene and dienophile species through a spontaneous cyclodimerization reaction or exclusively as dienes or dienophiles if they are trapped with imines or cyclopentadiene, respectively.

Nutlin-3a-aa: Improving the Bioactivity of a p53/MDM2 Interaction Inhibitor by Introducing a Solvent-Exposed Methylene Group.

Nutlin-3a is a reversible inhibitor of the p53/MDM2 interaction. We have synthesized the derivative Nutlin-3a-aa bearing an additional exocyclic methylene group in the piperazinone moiety. Nutlin-3a-aa is more active than Nutlin-3a against purified wild-type MDM2, and is more effective at increasing p53 levels and releasing transcription of p53 target genes from MDM2-induced repression.

Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Phosphorus Analogs of Aspartic Acid as Antiproliferative Agents.

An efficient general method for the synthesis of a wide family of α-aminophosphonate analogs of aspartic acid bearing tetrasubstituted carbons is reported through an aza-Reformatsky reaction of α-iminophosphonates, generated from α-aminophosphonates, in an umpolung process. In addition, the α-aminophosphonate substrates showed in vitro cytotoxicity, inhibiting the growth of carcinoma human tumor cell lines A549 (carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell) and SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma). In view of the possibilities in the diversity of the substituents that offer the synthetic methodology, an extensive profile structure-activity is presented, measuring IC values up to 0.

Exploring the Surface of the Ectodomain of the PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint with Small-Molecule Fragments.

Development of small molecules targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 interface is advancing both in industry and academia, but only a few have reached early-stage clinical trials. Here, we take a closer look at the general druggability of PD-L1 using hot spot mapping and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based characterization. We found that the conformational elasticity of the PD-L1 surface strongly influences the formation of hot spots.

Exploring the Synthetic Potential of γ-Lactam Derivatives Obtained from a Multicomponent Reaction-Applications as Antiproliferative Agents.

A study on the reactivity of 3-amino α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam derivatives obtained from a multicomponent reaction is presented. Key features of the substrates are the presence of an endocyclic α,β-unsaturated amide moiety and an enamine functionality. Following different synthetic protocols, the functionalization at three different positions of the lactam core is achieved.

Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsaturated γ-Lactam Derivatives. Applications as Antiproliferative Agents through the Bioisosterism Approach: Carbonyl vs. Phosphoryl Group.

We report efficient synthetic methodologies for the preparation of 3-amino and 3-hydroxy 3-pyrrolin-2-ones (unsaturated γ-lactams) through a multicomponent reaction of amines, aldehydes and acetylene or pyruvate derivatives. The densely substituted γ-lactam substrates show in vitro cytotoxicity, inhibiting the growth of the carcinoma human tumor cell lines RKO (human colon epithelial carcinoma), SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma) and A549 (carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell). In view of the possibilities for the diversity of the substituents that offer a multicomponent, synthetic methodology, an extensive structure-activity profile is presented.

A Multicomponent Protocol for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized γ-Lactam Derivatives and Their Applications as Antiproliferative Agents.

An efficient synthetic methodology for the preparation of 3-amino 1,5-dihydro-2-pyrrol-2-ones through a multicomponent reaction of amines, aldehydes, and pyruvate derivatives is reported. In addition, the densely substituted lactam substrates show in vitro cytotoxicity, inhibiting the growth of carcinoma human tumor cell lines HEK293 (human embryonic kidney), MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HTB81 (human prostate carcinoma), HeLa (human epithelioid cervix carcinoma), RKO (human colon epithelial carcinoma), SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma), and A549 (carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell). Given the possibilities in the diversity of the substituents that offer the multicomponent synthetic methodology, an extensive structure-activity profile is presented.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted α-Aminophosphonic Acid Derivatives.

Due to their structural similarity with natural α-amino acids, α-aminophosphonic acid derivatives are known biologically active molecules. In view of the relevance of tetrasubstituted carbons in nature and medicine and the strong dependence of the biological activity of chiral molecules into their absolute configuration, the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates bearing tetrasubstituted carbons in an asymmetric fashion has grown in interest in the past few decades. In the following lines, the existing literatures for the synthesis of optically active tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonates are summarized, comprising diastereoselective and enantioselective approaches.

Ugi Reaction on α-Phosphorated Ketimines for the Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted α-Aminophosphonates and Their Applications as Antiproliferative Agents.

An Ugi three-component reaction using preformed α-phosphorated -tosyl ketimines with different isocyanides in the presence of a carboxylic acid affords tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonates. Due to the high steric hindrance, the expected acylated amines undergo a spontaneous elimination of the acyl group. The reaction is applicable to α-aryl ketimines bearing a number of substituents and several isocyanides.

Brönsted Acid Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Phosphorus and Fluorine-Derived γ-Lactam Derivatives.

A Brönsted acid multicomponent reaction between pyruvate derivatives, amines, and aldehydes for the preparation of phosphorus and fluorine substituted γ-lactam derivatives is presented. Depending on the substitution in the resulting 1,5-dihydro-2-pyrrol-2-one substrates, the reaction provides enol- or enamine-derived γ-lactams. Some enantioselective examples of this reaction are also reported using chiral phosphoric acids as organocatalysts.

A Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized γ-Lactam Derivatives.

Brønsted acids catalyze a multicomponent reaction of benzaldehyde with amines and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford highly functionalized γ-lactam derivatives. The reaction consists of a Mannich reaction of an enamine to an imine, both generated , promoted by a phosphoric acid catalyst and a subsequent intramolecular cyclization. The hydrolysis of the cyclic enamine substrate can provide enol derivatives and, moreover, a second attack of the amine on the carboxylate can afford amide derivatives.

Brönsted-Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Three-Component Reaction of Amines, Aldehydes, and Pyruvate Derivatives. Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized γ-Lactam Derivatives.

Chiral phosphoric acids are efficient organocatalysts for the asymmetric three-component reaction of amines, aldehydes, and pyruvate derivatives. Simultaneous condensation of amines with both carbonylic compounds followed by a hydrogen bonding activated nucleophilic addition of enamines to imines affords densely functionalized enantioenriched 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones. These substrates can be used in subsequent diastereoselective transformations to afford enantiopure γ-lactam derivatives.