PP2A Attenuates Thoracic Aneurysm and Dissection in Mouse Models of Marfan Syndrome.

Background: Recent studies show that hyperactivation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling plays a causal role in the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Modulation of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) activity has been shown to be of significant therapeutic value. In light of the effects that PP2A can exert on the mTOR pathway, we hypothesized that PP2A activation by small-molecule activators of PP2A could mitigate AA progression in Marfan syndrome (MFS).

The Impact of Family History on Clinical Presentation and Biologic Treatment Response in Patients with Psoriasis: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Family history (FH) of psoriasis has been implicated as a risk factor for developing psoriasis. However, whether FH also carries information on clinical presentation and treatment response to biological agents in patients with psoriasis remains unclear.

Objective: This prospective, multicenter observational study aimed to analyze the clinical presentation and efficacy differences between patients with psoriasis with and without a FH.

Validation Status of Electronic Sphygmomanometers in China: A National Survey.

Background: Although the information on the validation status of electronic sphygmomanometer (ES) devices in use in health care institutions and households is much more clinically relevant than that of ES models available on the market, it remains insufficient.

Methods: A national survey was conducted across all administrative regions of mainland China to assess the validation status of ESs. Fifty-eight cities were selected with stratification by municipality, provincial capital, and other cities, and health care institutions and households in each city were chosen by convenience to identify ES devices in use according to the study protocol.

Characterization of auditory sensation in .

Research using the model organism nematode has greatly facilitated our understanding of sensory biology, including touch, olfaction, taste, vision and proprioception. While hearing had long been considered to be restricted to vertebrates and some arthropods, we recently discovered that is capable of sensing and responding to airborne sound in a frequency and sound source-size-dependent manner. auditory sensation occurs when airborne sound physically vibrates their external cuticle (skin) to activate the sound-sensitive mechanosensory FLP/PVD neurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), triggering aversive phonotaxis behavior.

Intravenous liposomal irinotecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer after ≥ 2 prior lines of chemotherapy: a phase Ib study.

This study (NCT04728035) aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of liposomal irinotecan (HE072) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). This study consisted of two parts. In part 1, the 3 + 3 design was used to investigate three dose levels of HE072 (50, 70 and 90 mg/m).

Targeting viral suppressor of RNAi confers anti-coronaviral activity.

Infections caused by coronaviruses are persistent threats to human health in recent decades, necessitating the development of innovative anti-coronaviral therapies. RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved cell-intrinsic antiviral mechanism in diverse eukaryotic organisms, including mammals. To counteract, many viruses encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to evade antiviral RNAi, implying that targeting VSRs could be a promising strategy to develop antiviral therapies.

Association Between Time to Treatment and Outcomes of Endovascular Therapy vs Medical Management in Patients With Large Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: Randomized trials have proven the benefit of endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute large ischemic stroke. This study was to characterize the effect of time to treatment on benefit of EVT vs medical management (MM) among patients with large ischemic stroke.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of the Endovascular Therapy in Acute Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusive Patients with a Large Infarct Core randomized trial.

Synthetic Breast Ultrasound Images: A Study to Overcome Medical Data Sharing Barriers.

The vast potential of medical big data to enhance healthcare outcomes remains underutilized due to privacy concerns, which restrict cross-center data sharing and the construction of diverse, large-scale datasets. To address this challenge, we developed a deep generative model aimed at synthesizing medical data to overcome data sharing barriers, with a focus on breast ultrasound (US) image synthesis. Specifically, we introduce CoLDiT, a conditional latent diffusion model with a transformer backbone, to generate US images of breast lesions across various Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories.

Identification of Circulating Proteins Associated With Blood Pressure.

Background: Circulating proteins in blood are involved in various physiological processes, but their contributions to blood pressure regulation remain partially understood. In traditional observational studies, identifying circulating proteins causally associated with blood pressure is challenging because of potentially unmeasured confounding and possible reverse causality.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to estimate the causal effects of 2270 circulating proteins (data sourced from 8 genome-wide association studies) on diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure.

Pulsed Field Ablation of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Prospective Multicenter Single-Arm Study in China.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has gained attention in cardiac electrophysiology, but data on its application to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia are limited. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of PFA and its combination with radiofrequency ablation for treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was conducted across 8 centers in China.

Early and noninvasive prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer via longitudinal ultrasound and MR deep learning: A multicentre study.

Rationale And Objectives: The early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) will aid in the development of personalized treatments for patients with breast cancer. This study investigated the value of longitudinal multimodal deep learning (DL) based on breast MR and ultrasound (US) in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pre-NAC and post-2nd-NAC MR and/or US images of 448 patients enrolled from three centers and extracted DL features from the largest section of the breast tumour using ResNet50.

Imaging Transcriptomics of Brain Functional Alterations in MS and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Background And Purpose: The underlying transcriptomic signatures driving brain functional alterations in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are still unclear.

Materials And Methods: Regional fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) values were obtained and compared among 209 patients with MS, 90 patients with antiaquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4)+ NMOSD, 49 with AQP4- NMOSD, and 228 healthy controls from a discovery cohort. We used partial least squares (PLS) regression to identify the gene transcriptomic signatures associated with disease-related fALFF alterations.

Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analog ecnoglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs are important therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Ecnoglutide (XW003) is a novel, long-acting GLP-1 analog. We conducted a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolling 145 adults with T2DM.

Ziresovir in Hospitalized Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe illness in infants, with no effective treatment. Results of a phase 2 trial suggested that ziresovir may have efficacy in the treatment of infants hospitalized with RSV infection.

Methods: In a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in China, we enrolled participants 1 to 24 months of age who were hospitalized with RSV infection.

Crotonylation of NAE1 Modulates Cardiac Hypertrophy via Gelsolin Neddylation.

Background: Cardiac hypertrophy and its associated remodeling are among the leading causes of heart failure. Lysine crotonylation is a recently discovered posttranslational modification whose role in cardiac hypertrophy remains largely unknown. NAE1 (NEDD8 [neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8]-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit) is mainly involved in the neddylation modification of protein targets.

Dalpiciclib in combination with letrozole/anastrozole or fulvestrant in HR-positive and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: results from a phase Ib study.

Background: Dalpiciclib is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor which showed tolerability and preliminary efficacy as monotherapy for pretreated advanced breast cancer (BC).

Objectives: To further assess dalpiciclib with endocrine therapy (ET) in hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative BC.

Design: A multicenter, open-label, phase Ib trial.