Determining the Optimal Age for Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CMOSS Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for patients with carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, little evidence has focused on the effect of age on prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether EC-IC bypass surgery can provide greater benefits than medical therapy alone in specific age groups.

Prediction of Two-Dimensional Janus Transition-Metal Chalcogenides: Robust Ferromagnetic Semiconductor with High Curie Temperature.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors (FM SCs) provide an ideal platform for the development of quantum information technology in nanoscale devices. However, many developed 2D FM materials present a very low Curie temperature (T), greatly limiting their application in spintronic devices. In this work, we predict two stable 2D transition metal chalcogenides, VSeX (X = S, Te) monolayers, by using first-principles calculations.

Construction of a versatile fusion protein for targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

Antibody (Ab)-based drugs have been widely used in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, leading to significant improvements in tumor therapy. However, the failure of Ab therapy due to the loss of target antigens or Ab modifications that affect its function limits its application. In this study, we expanded the application of antibodies (Abs) by constructing a fusion protein as a versatile tool for Ab-based target cell detection, delivery, and therapy.

Stoichiometry-Tunable Synthesis and Magnetic Property Exploration of Two-Dimensional Chromium Selenides.

Emerging 2D chromium-based dichalcogenides (CrX (X = S, Se, Te; 0 < ≤ 2)) have provoked enormous interests due to their abundant structures, intriguing electronic and magnetic properties, excellent environmental stability, and great application potentials in next generation electronics and spintronics devices. Achieving stoichiometry-controlled synthesis of 2D CrX is of paramount significance for such envisioned investigations. Herein, we report the stoichiometry-controlled syntheses of 2D chromium selenide (CrSe) materials (rhombohedral CrSe and monoclinic CrSe) via a Cr-self-intercalation route by designing two typical chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategies.

Efficacy and safety of subsequent radiotherapy in patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: The development of immunotherapy resistance is associated with a poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subsequent radiotherapy (RT) for patients with advanced-stage HCC who had lesion enlargement or new lesions (NLs) during ICI therapy.

Methods: This retrospective observational study enrolled 36 patients with advanced-stage HCC who underwent subsequent RT for lesion enlargement or NLs during ICI therapy from two centers.

Gas-phase and solid-state electronic structure analysis and DFT benchmarking of HfCO.

multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) and coupled cluster singles doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] levels of theory were used to study ground and excited electronic states of HfCO. We report potential energy curves, dissociation energies (), excitation energies, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and chemical bonding patterns of HfCO. The Σ ground state of HfCO has an 1σ2σ1π electron configuration and a ∼30 kcal mol dissociation energy with respect to its lowest-energy fragments Hf(F) + CO(XΣ).

Intrinsic Nonlinear Hall Detection of the Néel Vector for Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spintronics.

The respective unique merit of antiferromagnets and two-dimensional (2D) materials in spintronic applications inspires us to exploit 2D antiferromagnetic spintronics. However, the detection of the Néel vector in 2D antiferromagnets remains a great challenge because the measured signals usually decrease significantly in the 2D limit. Here we propose that the Néel vector of 2D antiferromagnets can be efficiently detected by the intrinsic nonlinear Hall (INH) effect which exhibits unexpected significant signals.

High Thermoelectric Performance of a Novel -PbSnX (X = S, Se, Te) Monolayer: Predicted Using First Principles.

Two-dimensional (2D) group IV metal chalcogenides are potential candidates for thermoelectric (TE) applications due to their unique structural properties. In this paper, we predicted a 2D monolayer group IV metal chalcogenide semiconductor γ-PbSn (X = S, Se, Te), and first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory were used to study the thermoelectric performance. We found that γ-PbSnX had an ultra-high carrier mobility of up to 4.

A Universal Synthesis Strategy for Lanthanide Sulfide Nanocrystals with Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

As an important lanthanide (Ln)-based functional materials, the Ln chalcogenides possess unique properties and various applications. However, the controllable synthesis of Ln chalcogenide nanocrystals still faces great challenges because of the rather poor affinity between Ln and chalcogenide ions (S, Se, Te) as well as strong preference of combination with existed oxygen. Herein, a facile but general heterogeneous nucleation synthetic strategy is established toward a series of colloidal ternary Cu Ln sulfides nanocrystals using the Ln dithiocarbamates and CuI as precursors.

Unraveling the neglected role of elemental sulfur in chromate removal by sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron.

Elemental sulfur (S), as an oxidation product of low-valent sulfur, is widely believed to inhibit the reactivity of sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI). However, this study found that the Cr(VI) removal and recyclability of S-ZVI with S as the dominant sulfur species were superior to those FeS or iron polysulfides (FeS, x > 1) dominated ones. The more S directly mixed with ZVI, the better Cr(VI) removal obtained.

Enhanced Anharmonicity by Forming Low-Symmetry Off-Center Phase: The Case of Two-Dimensional Group-IB Chalcogenides.

Enhanced anharmonicity is required to achieve many interesting phenomena in thermoelectricity, superconductivity, ferroelectricity, etc. Here, we propose a novel mechanism for enhancing anharmonicity by forming the low-symmetry off-center ground state, such as the s(II) phase, in two-dimensional AX chalcogenides (A = Cu, Ag and Au; X = S, Se, and Te). In this system, the in-plane rotational phonon mode introduces a much stronger anharmonicity in the distorted s(II) phase than in the nondistorted s(I) phase.

High-Pressure Synthesis and Physical Properties of a Spinel Compound FeAlS.

A spinel compound FeAlS was successfully synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions and was systematically characterized via the structural, magnetic, and specific heat measurements. It crystallizes into a cubic structure with the space group 3̅ (no. 227) and the lattice constant = 10.

Effective and reusable 3D CuS nanocluster structured magnetic adsorbent for mercury extraction from wastewater.

The elimination of mercury from polluted water using an effective, cost-economic, and sustainable method was investigated in this work. A modulated multilayer magnetic Hg extractor was prepared with a self-assembly engineering that permitting robust anchoring and uniform distribution of the negatively charged 3D CuS nanocluster onto a polydopamine (PDA) covered positively strengthened FeO surface. The developed PAD@FeO supported copper sulfide composite (CuS/PAD@FeO) presented an unparalleled Hg uptake performance with adsorption capacity of 1394.

Humic acid addition sequence and concentration affect sulfur incorporation, electron transfer, and reactivity of sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is extensively used in field remediation and can be sulfidated in situ with sulfide or sulfate-reducing bacteria to enhance its performance. Humic acid (HA) widely exists in nature, but its influence on both the sulfidation process of nZVI and the reactivity of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) has been rarely reported. Herein, we first synthesized S-nZVI by one-pot (S-nZVI) and two-step (S-nZVI) approaches with adding HA before (pre-added) or after (post-added) FeS generation, respectively.

Ultralow-Threshold and High-Quality Whispering-Gallery-Mode Lasing from Colloidal Core/Hybrid-Shell Quantum Wells.

The realization of efficient on-chip microlasers with scalable fabrication, ultralow threshold, and stable single-frequency operation is always desired for a wide range of miniaturized photonic systems. Herein, an effective way to fabricate nanostructures- whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) lasers by drop-casting CdSe/CdS@Cd Zn S core/buffer-shell@graded-shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) dispersion onto silica microspheres is presented. Benefiting from the excellent gain properties from the interface engineered core/hybrid shell NPLs and high-quality factor WGM resonator from excellent optical field confinement, the proposed room-temperature NPLs-WGM microlasers show a record-low lasing threshold of 3.

Morphology and structure of in situ FeS affect Cr(VI) removal by sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron with short-term ultrasonication.

The properties of sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) are considered to be determined by the entire structure of Fe and FeS as a whole, but few studies focus on the influence of the morphology and structure of the external FeS layer on the performance of S-ZVI. In this study, after the sulfidation of microscale ZVI in acetate (HAc-NaAc) and 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer solution, the S-mZVI surface presented the in situ growth of the FeS nanosheet, while the S-mZVI surface was dominated by agglomerated FeS sub-micron particles. Under short-term ultrasonication, S-mZVI was superior to removing Cr(VI) than S-mZVI, and the clearance of the passivation layer by ultrasound maximized the conductivity of the FeS nanosheet to strengthen the sulfidation contribution.

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis.

Objective: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.

High-Temperature Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulators in Lithium-Decorated Iron-Based Superconductor Materials.

Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator is the key material to study emergent topological quantum effects, but its ultralow working temperature limits experiments. Here, by first-principles calculations, we find a family of stable two-dimensional (2D) structures generated by lithium decoration of layered iron-based superconductor materials Fe X(X=S,Se,Te), and predict room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors together with large-gap high-Chern-number QAH insulators in the 2D materials. The extremely robust ferromagnetic order is induced by the electron injection from Li to Fe and stabilized by strong ferromagnetic kinetic exchange in the 2D Fe layer.

Improved SERS activity of non-stoichiometric copper sulfide nanostructures related to charge-transfer resonance.

The low enhancement factor of semiconductor SERS substrates is a major obstacle for their practical application. Therefore, there is a need to explore the facile synthesis of new SERS substrates and reveal the SERS enhancement mechanism. Here, we develop a simple, facile and low-cost two-step method to synthesize copper sulfide based nanostructures with different CuS contents.

Total Aqueous Synthesis of Au@Cu S Core-Shell Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo SERS/PA Imaging-Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy.

Both accurate tumor navigation and nanostructures with high photothermal (PT) conversion efficiency are important but remain challenging to achieve in current biomedical applications. This study reports an anion exchange-based facile and green approach for synthesizing Au@Cu S core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) in an aqueous system. In addition to the PT effect of the suggested NPs, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is also significantly improved due to the tailored localized surface plasmon resonance coupling between the Au metal core and the Cu S semiconductor shell.

Atmospheric-Pressure Cold Plasma Activating Au/P25 for CO Oxidation: Effect of Working Gas.

Commercial TiO₂ (P25) supported gold (Au/P25) attracts increasing attention. In this work, atmospheric-pressure (AP) cold plasma was employed to activate the Au/P25-As catalyst prepared by a modified impregnation method. The influence of cold plasma working gas (oxygen, argon, hydrogen, and air) on the structure and performance of the obtained Au/P25 catalysts was investigated.

Synthesis of a MnS/Ni S composite with nanoparticles coated on hexagonal sheet structures as an advanced electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors.

Herein, a facile hydrothermal method was designed to synthesize a novel structure of micro-flowers decorated with nanoparticles. The micro-flower structure consists of enormous cross-linked flat hexagonal nanosheets with sufficient internal space, providing fluent ionic channels and enduring volume change in the electrochemical storage process. As expected, the MnS/Ni S (NMS) electrode exhibits a relatively high specific capacitance of 1073.

Two-dimensional nickel hydroxide/sulfides nanosheet as an efficient cocatalyst for photocatalytic H evolution over CdS nanospheres.

The intriguing features of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as better charge carrier separation and abundant surface reaction sites endow them with potential applications as cocatalysts in photocatalysis. In this paper, a ternary 2D nickel hydroxide/sulfides nanosheet composed of Ni(OH), NiS and NiS was loaded on CdS nanospheres by a simple chemical deposition route. The composition of nickel hydroxide/sulfides was determined clearly through an overall analysis using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Hierarchically Aligning 10 Legume Genomes Establishes a Family-Level Genomics Platform.

Mainly due to their economic importance, genomes of 10 legumes, including soybean (), wild peanut ( and ), and barrel medic (), have been sequenced. However, a family-level comparative genomics analysis has been unavailable. With grape () and selected legume genomes as outgroups, we managed to perform a hierarchical and event-related alignment of these genomes and deconvoluted layers of homologous regions produced by ancestral polyploidizations or speciations.