Efficacy and Safety of a Dedicated Device for Cerebral Venous Thrombectomy: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Lack of a dedicated thrombectomy device for cerebral venous thrombosis hinders the recanalization ability of endovascular treatment (EVT). Novel NiTi-braided stent retriever (Venous-TD) is a dedicated venous sinus thrombectomy device. This study aims to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of Venous-TD.

Comparative Evaluation of Clinical-MRI, Radiomics, and Integrated Nomogram Models for Preoperative Prediction of Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

Rationale And Objectives: The escalating incidence of placental accreta spectrum (PAS), a pregnancy complication, underscores the need for accurate prenatal diagnosis to guide optimal management strategies. This study aims to develop, validate, and compare various prenatal PAS prediction models integrating clinical data, MRI signs, and radiomics signatures.

Materials And Methods: A cohort comprising 111 patients (72 with PAS and 39 without, denoted as N-PAS) served as the training set, while another 47 patients (33 PAS and 14 N-PAS) constituted the validation set.

Genotype Associated With Visual Prognosis in Patients With Congenital Ectopia Lentis Following Lens Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between visual prognosis and genotype in patients undergoing lens surgery for congenital ectopia lentis (EL).

Design: Prospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: Patients with congenital EL who underwent lens removal and intraocular lens implantation received panel-based next-generation sequencing.

Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder Combined With Linaclotide for Colon Cleansing in Patients With Chronic Constipation Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Constipation is an independent risk factor for poor bowel preparation. This study aimed to evaluate the bowel cleansing efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with linaclotide (lin) for colonoscopy in patients with chronic constipation (CC).

Methods: This single-blinded, randomized, controlled, and multicenter study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2022 at 7 hospitals.

Structural insights into the unique pH-responsive characteristics of the anti-TIGIT therapeutic antibody Ociperlimab.

TIGIT is mainly expressed on T cells and is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor that binds to its ligand PVR in the tumor microenvironment. Anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Ociperlimab and Tiragolumab block the TIGIT-PVR interaction and are in clinical development. However, the molecular blockade mechanism of these mAbs remains elusive.

7-Dehydrocholesterol dictates ferroptosis sensitivity.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has been implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer, degenerative disorders and organ ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Here, using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified that the enzymes involved in distal cholesterol biosynthesis have pivotal yet opposing roles in regulating ferroptosis through dictating the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC)-an intermediate metabolite of distal cholesterol biosynthesis that is synthesized by sterol C5-desaturase (SC5D) and metabolized by 7-DHC reductase (DHCR7) for cholesterol synthesis. We found that the pathway components, including MSMO1, CYP51A1, EBP and SC5D, function as potential suppressors of ferroptosis, whereas DHCR7 functions as a pro-ferroptotic gene.

Differences in pulmonary nodular consolidation and pulmonary cavity among drug-sensitive, rifampicin-resistant and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients: the Guangzhou computerized tomography study.

Background: Pulmonary nodular consolidation (PN) and pulmonary cavity (PC) may represent the two most promising imaging signs in differentiating multidrug-resistant (MDR)-pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from drug-sensitive (DS)-PTB. However, there have been concerns that literature described radiological feature differences between DS-PTB and MDR-PTB were confounded by that MDR-PTB cases tend to have a longer history. This study seeks to further clarify this point.

Ac-Labeled Antibody for Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Alpha Therapy.

Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is an innovative approach in cancer treatment that aims to selectively deliver high-energy radiation to cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Ac, an alpha radionuclide with a half-life of 10 days and emitting 4 alpha particles and 2 beta particles in its decay chain, has shown promise for TAT. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has emerged as a valuable target for the development of radiopharmaceuticals in the context of TAT, given its expression in various cancers.

Association between genetic predisposition and disease burden of stroke in China: a genetic epidemiological study.

Background: Stroke ranks second worldwide and first in China as a leading cause of death and disability. It has a polygenic architecture and is influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. However, it remains unknown as to whether and how much the genetic predisposition of stroke is associated with disease burden.

Safety and Tolerability of Direct Ischemic Postconditioning Following Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Experimental studies have demonstrated the neuroprotection of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) in acute ischemic stroke by attenuating ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study aimed to investigate the safety and tolerability of direct IPostC in both a dog model and patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombectomy.

Methods: The study involved 2 parts.

E-cadherin is a biomarker for ferroptosis sensitivity in diffuse gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a particularly aggressive subtype that is both difficult to detect and treat. DGC is distinguished by weak cell-cell cohesion, most often due to loss of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, a common occurrence in highly invasive, metastatic cancer cells.

Trial of Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke Due to Basilar-Artery Occlusion.

Background: The effects and risks of endovascular thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke onset due to basilar-artery occlusion have not been extensively studied.

Methods: In a trial conducted over a 5-year period in China, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients with basilar-artery stroke who presented between 6 to 24 hours after symptom onset to receive either medical therapy plus thrombectomy or medical therapy only (control). The original primary outcome, a score of 0 to 4 on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 6, with a score of 0 indicating no disability, 4 moderately severe disability, and 6 death) at 90 days, was changed to a good functional status (a modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 3, with a score of 3 indicating moderate disability).

Genetic deconvolution of fetal and maternal cell-free DNA in maternal plasma enables next-generation non-invasive prenatal screening.

Current non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) analyzes circulating fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal peripheral blood for selected aneuploidies or microdeletion/duplication syndromes. Many genetic disorders are refractory to NIPS largely because the maternal genetic material constitutes most of the total cfDNA present in the maternal plasma, which hinders the detection of fetus-specific genetic variants. Here, we developed an innovative sequencing method, termed coordinative allele-aware target enrichment sequencing (COATE-seq), followed by multidimensional genomic analyses of sequencing read depth, allelic fraction, and linked single nucleotide polymorphisms, to accurately separate the fetal genome from the maternal background.

A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of the Risk Factors, Treatment, and Prognosis of Patients With Fungal Keratitis in Heilongjiang, China.

Purpose: To report the epidemiologic features, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes of patients with fungal keratitis (FK) during a busy farming period (May, June, and September to November) in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: In total, 251 patients diagnosed with FK at the Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, from 2017 to 2021 were identified.

Normobaric Hyperoxia Combined With Endovascular Treatment for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background And Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) combined with endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: In this single-center, proof-of-concept, assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled pilot study, patients with AIS in the acute anterior circulation with large vessel occlusion who had an indication for EVT were randomly assigned to the EVT group or the NBO + EVT group. The NBO + EVT group was given 100% oxygen through a face mask initiated before vascular recanalization (10L/min for 4 hours), while the EVT group was given room air.

Thyroid cancer and Its Associations with Dietary Quality in A 1:1 matched Case-Control Study.

Thyroid cancer (TC) incidence has increased greatly during the past decades with a few established risk factors, while no study is available that has assessed the association of the Chinese Health Dietary Index (CHDI) with TC. We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study in two hospitals in Shanghai, China. Diet quality scores were calculated according to CHDI using a validated and reliable food-frequency questionnaire.

Ablation of Plasma Prekallikrein Decreases Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol by Stabilizing Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor and Protects Against Atherosclerosis.

Background: High blood cholesterol accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis, which is an asymptomatic process lasting for decades. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques induces thrombosis, which results in myocardial infarction or stroke. Lowering cholesterol levels is beneficial for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Joint MRI T1 Unenhancing and Contrast-enhancing Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation with Deep Learning in OPERA Trials.

Background Deep learning-based segmentation could facilitate rapid and reproducible T1 lesion load assessments, which is crucial for disease management in multiple sclerosis (MS). T1 unenhancing and contrast-enhancing lesions in MS are those that enhance or do not enhance after administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent at T1-weighted MRI. Purpose To develop deep learning models for automated assessment of T1 unenhancing and contrast-enhancing lesions; to investigate if joint training improved performance; to reproduce a known ocrelizumab treatment response; and to evaluate the association of baseline T1-weighted imaging metrics with clinical outcomes in relapsing MS clinical trials.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hypertension in Adolescents Aged 12 to 17 Years: A School-Based Study in China.

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Targeting E3 Ubiquitin Ligase WWP1 Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Destabilizing DVL2 via Inhibition of K27-Linked Ubiquitination.

Background: Without adequate treatment, pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by sustained pressure overload eventually leads to heart failure. WWP1 (WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) is an important regulator of aging-related pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of WWP1 in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure is yet to be determined.

Hemiretinal Asymmetry in Peripapillary Vessel Density in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspect, and Glaucoma Eyes.

Purpose: To investigate hemiretinal asymmetry in radial peripapillary capillary vessel area density (VAD) of healthy, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma eyes of varying severity and its diagnostic utility for glaucoma.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Methods: Optic disc scans (6 × 6 mm) were collected on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to obtain VAD and on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.

Discovery of A-1331852, a First-in-Class, Potent, and Orally-Bioavailable BCL-X Inhibitor.

Herein we describe the discovery of A-1331852, a first-in-class orally active BCL-X inhibitor that selectively and potently induces apoptosis in BCL-X-dependent tumor cells. This molecule was generated by re-engineering our previously reported BCL-X inhibitor A-1155463 using structure-based drug design. Key design elements included rigidification of the A-1155463 pharmacophore and introduction of sp-rich moieties capable of generating highly productive interactions within the key P4 pocket of BCL-X.