[Effect of a simple morphine system injection in some aminoacids in the anterior cingulate cortex during acute pain].

The aim of this research was to find out the effects of ip morphine pretreatment in the extracellular content of the arginine, glutamate, aspartate and GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex in rats, during the formalin test (phase I). A combination of micro dialysis and Capillary Electrophoresis Zone and laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIFD) technique was used to measure the extracellular levels of amino acids in microdialized zones. The microdialysis probes were unilaterally implanted in the left anterior cingulate cortex of freely moving rats.

Macrophage-induced inflammation affects hippocampal plasticity and neuronal development in a murine model of HIV-1 encephalitis.

Cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments, during progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, are linked to activation of brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP; perivascular macrophages and microglia). Activated MPs effect a giant cell encephalitis and neuroinflammatory responses that are mirrored in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice injected with human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Whether activated human MDMs positioned in the basal ganglia affect hippocampal neuronal plasticity, the brain subregion involved in learning and memory, is unknown.

Drug induced weight gain, an impediment to successful pharmacotherapy: focus on antipsychotics.

The antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are fundamental tools in current psychiatric practice. A new generation of agents, the atypical APDs, represents an important progress in the treatment of psychotic disorders. Unfortunately, some of them induce excessive body weight gain (BWG), obesity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in the following order: clozapine approximately equal to olanzapine > quetiapine > risperidone > ziprasidone = aripiprazole.

[Amino acid changes following intraperitoneal administration of Tityus zulianus scorpion venom in mice. Study with subcutaneous microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis].

Scorpion human envenoming is a public health hazard in the southwest of Venezuela. Tityus zulianus is one of the scorpion species whose venom causes lung edema and cardiac failure in children. These occasionally deadly manifestations have been attributed to a massive sympathetic discharge.

[Subcutaneous microdialysis: a simple technique for monitoring the extracellular biochemical environment. Combination with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection].

Microdialysis is a simple technique that allows monitoring endogenous or exogenous substances in any extracellular compartment. It has many useful experimental and clinical applications. The sampling of the extracellular fluid of the subcutaneous compartment is especially useful for metabolic evaluation in critically ill patients, pharmacokinetic studies and blood glucose monitoring.