A Childhood Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With a Novel BRAFN486_T491delinsK Mutation: Good Response to Conventional Chemotherapy.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized genetically by diverse gene mutations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. BRAFN486_T491delinsK mutation is a rare mutation that involves the β2-αC ring domain, causing activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and is predicted to be resistant to the chemotherapy and BRAFV600E inhibitor in adult LCH cases. Here, we report a childhood LCH case with this novel BRAF mutation and had a good response to conventional chemotherapy.

High-Pressure Polymerization of Phenol toward Degree-4 Carbon Nanothread.

Saturated sp-carbon nanothreads (CNTh) have garnered significant interest due to their predicted high Young's modulus and thermal conductivity. While the incorporation of heteroatoms into the central ring has been shown to influence the formation of CNTh and yield chemically homogeneous products, the impact of pendant groups on the polymerization process remains underexplored. In this study, we investigate the pressure-induced polymerization of phenol, revealing two phase transitions occurring below 0.

A hybrid unsupervised machine learning model with spectral clustering and semi-supervised support vector machine for credit risk assessment.

In credit risk assessment, unsupervised classification techniques can be introduced to reduce human resource expenses and expedite decision-making. Despite the efficacy of unsupervised learning methods in handling unlabeled datasets, their performance remains limited owing to challenges such as imbalanced data, local optima, and parameter adjustment complexities. Thus, this paper introduces a novel hybrid unsupervised classification method, named the two-stage hybrid system with spectral clustering and semi-supervised support vector machine (TSC-SVM), which effectively addresses the unsupervised imbalance problem in credit risk assessment by targeting global optimal solutions.

From Monocyclization to Pentacyclization: A Versatile Plant Cyclase Produces Diverse Sesterterpenes with Anti-Liver Fibrosis Potential.

A prolific multi-product sesterterpene synthase CbTPS1 is characterized from the medicinal Brassicaceae plant Capsella bursa-pastoris. Twenty different sesterterpenes including 16 undescribed compounds, possessing 10 different mono-/di-/tri-/tetra-/penta-carbocyclic skeletons, including the unique 15-membered macrocyclic and 24(15→14)-abeo-capbuane scaffolds, are isolated and structurally elucidated from engineered Escherichia coli strains expressing CbTPS1. Site-directed mutagenesis assisted by molecular dynamics simulations resulted in the variant L354M with up to 13.

Substructure-Specific Antibodies Against Fentanyl Derivatives.

Structural variants of the synthetic opioid fentanyl are a major threat to public health. Following an investigation showing that many derivatives are poorly detected by commercial lateral flow and related assays, we created hapten conjugate vaccines using an immunogenic virus-like particle carrier and eight synthetic fentanyl derivatives designed to mimic the structural features of several of the more dangerous analogues. Immunization of mice elicited strong antihapten humoral responses, allowing the screening of hundreds of hapten-specific hybridomas for binding strength and specificity.