Design and optimization of a high-definition transcranial electrical stimulation device with envelope wave.

Objectives: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has been widely used in neuroscience research, and the spatial focusing and penetration of the process are currently the main constraints on the effectiveness of treatment.

Methods: A high-definition electrical stimulation (HD-tES) device with envelope waves was designed. The device utilized a 4 × 1 electrode structure and was designed with an impedance adjustment circuit to evenly distribute the current among the four return channels.

CO-Releasing Polyoxometalates Nanozyme with Gut Mucosal Immunity and Microbiota Homeostasis Remodeling Effects for Restoring Intestinal Barrier Integrity.

Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, driven by imbalances in gut mucosal immunity and microbial homeostasis, is central to the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study introduces a CO-releasing polyoxometalates (POMs) nanozyme (PMC), synthesized by coordinating pentacarbonyl manganese bromide with molybdenum-based POM nanoclusters. PMC demonstrates targeted accumulation at IBD-affected sites, efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and responsive CO release, resulting in multiple therapeutic effects.

Impregnating Lattice Sulfur into Iron Crystal Allows Anaerobic Degradation of Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes.

Lattice sulfur-impregnated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nFe) has been recognized as a promising groundwater remediation agent. However, little information is available on its reactivity with ubiquitous extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) in anaerobic groundwater, and how S content and speciation affect their interactions. Here, the efficient anaerobic degradation of eARGs by S-nFe (6 log within 5 min), resulting in completely inhibited transformation is showed.

Recent Advances for Cation-Anion Aggregates in Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Mechanism, Strategies, and Applications.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered significant attention from both academic and industrial communities due to their high safety feature and high energy density in combination with lithium(Li) metal anode. Nevertheless, their practical applications remain constrained by the relatively low room-temperature ionic conductivity and interface issues. Anion-derived cation-anion aggregates (AGGs), derived from high-concentration liquid electrolytes, promote a stable solid-electrolyte interphase layer, which have gradually propelled their application in SPEs.

Low-Level Viremia Impairs Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Aims: The impact of low-level viremia(LLV) on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC) patients remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of LLV on the outcomes of ICIs-based therapy in patients with uHCC.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, we included patients with uHCC who received ICIs-based therapy at four centres between January 2019 and December 2022.