Mechanisms and Origins of Regioselectivity in Rare-Earth-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Anisoles and Thioanisoles.

The direct catalytic C-H functionalization of aromatic compounds such as anisoles and thioanisoles is of great interest and significance. However, achieving precise regioselectivity remains a major challenge. In this study, we conducted comprehensive density functional theory calculations to explore the mechanisms of rare-earth-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkylation, borylation, and silylation of anisole and thioanisole.

Aggregatin is a mitochondrial regulator of MAVS activation to drive innate immunity.

Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) is a key adapter protein required for inducing type I interferons (IFN-Is) and other antiviral effector molecules. The formation of MAVS aggregates on mitochondria is essential for its activation; however, the regulatory mitochondrial factor that mediates the aggregation process is unknown. Our recent work has identified the protein Aggregatin as a critical seeding factor for β-amyloid peptide aggregation.

Itaconate restrains acute proinflammatory activation of microglia MG after traumatic brain injury in mice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) rapidly triggers proinflammatory activation of microglia, contributing to secondary brain damage post-TBI. Although the governing role of energy metabolism in shaping the inflammatory phenotype and function of immune cells has been increasingly recognized, the specific alterations in microglial bioenergetics post-TBI remain poorly understood. Itaconate, a metabolite produced by the enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 [IRG1; encoded by immune responsive gene 1 ()], is a pivotal metabolic regulator in immune cells, particularly in macrophages.

Precise Identification of Inhibitors for Coagulation Reactions from Complex Extracts through Monitoring of Biological Aggregates Combined with a Targeted Fishing Technique.

Biological aggregates play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic diseases, especially thrombin-induced biological aggregates. Therefore, the efficient discovery of thrombin inhibitors is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases. In this study, the aggregation precursor protein fluorescent probe was successfully prepared for monitoring the production of biological aggregates induced by thrombin.

Inhibition Effect of HO on the Heterogeneous Reaction between Isoprene and Fe-Substituted Cryptomelane.

The transportation and transformation of biogenic isoprene are vital for the organic carbon cycle in the troposphere. As a typical mineral with high oxidation potential, Fe-substituted cryptomelane oxidizes the surface monolayer of isoprene into formic and acetic acids, and simultaneously, the Mn ions in the structure are reduced to Mn and Mn. The flow of HO in isoprene decreases the adsorption and oxidation of isoprene significantly, even at low relative humidity (10%).