CPT1A in AgRP neurons is required for sex-dependent regulation of feeding and thirst.

Background: Fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamus has an important role in food intake, but its specific role in AgRP neurons is poorly understood. Here, we examined whether carnitinea palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, affects energy balance.

Methods: To obtain Cpt1aKO mice and their control littermates, Cpt1a mice were crossed with tamoxifen-inducible AgRP mice.

Nanomedicine targeting brain lipid metabolism as a feasible approach for controlling the energy balance.

Targeting brain lipid metabolism is a promising strategy to regulate the energy balance and fight metabolic diseases such as obesity. The development of stable platforms for selective delivery of drugs, particularly to the hypothalamus, is a challenge but a possible solution for these metabolic diseases. Attenuating fatty acid oxidation in the hypothalamus CPT1A inhibition leads to satiety, but this target is difficult to reach with the current drugs.

Effects of Albumin on Survival after a Hepatic Encephalopathy Episode: Randomized Double-Blind Trial and Meta-Analysis.

Unlabelled: No therapies have been proven to increase survival after a hepatic encephalopathy (HE) episode. We hypothesize that two doses of albumin could improve 90-day survival rates after a HE episode.

Methods: (1) A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (BETA) was conducted in 12 hospitals.

Poly-ion complex micelles effectively deliver CoA-conjugated CPT1A inhibitors to modulate lipid metabolism in brain cells.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is a central player in lipid metabolism, catalyzing the first step to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibiting CPT1A, especially in the brain, can have several pharmacological benefits, such as in treating obesity and brain cancer. C75-CoA is a strong competitive inhibitor of CPT1A.

An Enantioselective Approach to 4-Substituted Proline Scaffolds: Synthesis of ()-5-(-Butoxy Carbonyl)-5-Azaspiro[2.4]heptane-6-Carboxylic Acid.

A catalytic and enantioselective preparation of the ()-4-methyleneproline scaffold is described. The key reaction is a one-pot double allylic alkylation of an imine analogue of glycine in the presence of a chinchonidine-derived catalyst under phase transfer conditions. These 4-methylene substituted proline derivatives are versatile starting materials often used in medicinal chemistry.