Width-dependent continuous growth of atomically thin quantum nanoribbons from nanoalloy seeds in chalcogen vapor.

Nanoribbons (NRs) of atomic layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can boost the rapidly emerging field of quantum materials owing to their width-dependent phases and electronic properties. However, the controllable downscaling of width by direct growth and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the vapor-liquid-solid growth of single crystal of single layer NRs of a series of TMDs (MeX: Me = Mo, W; X = S, Se) under chalcogen vapor atmosphere, seeded by pre-deposited and respective transition metal-alloyed nanoparticles that also control the NR width.

Maps of Membrane Pore Dynamics From Picosecond to Millisecond Pulse Durations.

Electroporation occurs when cells are exposed to an electric pulse of sufficient intensity E and pulse duration Ï„. Many studies have attempted to develop universal scaling laws to predict membrane pore dynamics for pulsed electric fields (PEFs) of different durations; however, the differences in pore dynamics across these parameters makes this difficult both experimentally and numerically. This study uses the asymptotic Smoluchowski equation (ASME) to quantify the number of pores, average pore radius, and fractional pore area (FPA) during exposure to PEFs with durations from hundreds of picoseconds to a millisecond.

Functional and Radiologic Outcomes of Degenerative Versus Traumatic Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears Involving the Supraspinatus Tendon.

Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is among the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures. Several factors-including age, sex, and tear severity-have been identified as predictors for outcome after repair. The influence of the tear etiology on functional and structural outcome remains controversial.

Corelease of Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nanoparticles from a Commercial Aircraft Jet Engine - Dependence on Fuel and Thrust.

Jet engines are important contributors to global CO emissions and release enormous numbers of ultrafine particles into different layers of the atmosphere. As a result, aviation emissions are affecting atmospheric chemistry and promote contrail and cloud formation with impacts on earth's radiative balance and climate. Furthermore, the corelease of nanoparticles together with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affects air quality at airports.

The history of Coast Salish "woolly dogs" revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous Knowledge.

Ancestral Coast Salish societies in the Pacific Northwest kept long-haired "woolly dogs" that were bred and cared for over millennia. However, the dog wool-weaving tradition declined during the 19th century, and the population was lost. In this study, we analyzed genomic and isotopic data from a preserved woolly dog pelt from "Mutton," collected in 1859.

Effectiveness of Psychomotor Therapy among Children with Graphomotor Impairment with and without DCD-Diagnosis.

In Switzerland, psychomotor therapy (PMT) is a standard treatment for children with graphomotor impairments, but scientific evidence of its effectiveness is rare. To investigate the effectiveness of PMT, we conducted a randomised field trial (RFT). The sample consisted of 121 first and second graders with graphomotor impairments, some of whom met the criteria of developmental coordination disorder, while the remaining suffered from developmental dysgraphia.

Mid-term to long-term results of open posterior bone block grafting in recurrent posterior shoulder instability: a clinical and CT-based analysis.

Background: There is little consensus on the best treatment after failed conservative management of recurrent posterior shoulder instability. The purpose of this study was to analyze our clinical and radiological mid-term to long-term results of an open, posterior bone block procedure for the treatment of recurrent posterior shoulder instability.

Methods: From 1999 to 2015, 14 patients were included in the study and available for clinical and radiographic follow-up (FU).

Extension of the shoulder is essential for functional internal rotation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Disabling loss of functional internal rotation (fIR) after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is frequent but not well understood. This study tested the hypothesis that limitation of fIR after RTSA is not primarily related to a deficit in internal rotation.

Methods: Fifty patients (mean age at RTSA, 74 ± 11.

Evaluation of the Potential of Automatic Naming Latency Detection for Different Initial Phonemes during Picture Naming Task.

Naming latency (NL) represents the speech onset time after the presentation of an image. We recently developed an extended threshold-based algorithm for automatic NL (aNL) detection considering the envelope of the speech wave. The present study aims at exploring the influence of different manners (e.

The origins of touchscreen competence: Examining infants' exploration of touchscreens.

Infants' exposure to images presented on screens is increasing with the accelerating use of technology in society and at home. Touchscreen technology provides numerous interactive screen opportunities geared toward infants and toddlers. Touchscreens are unique in that they possess the 2D qualities of a picture, but a set of manipulation possibilities similar to, but distinct from, a 3D object.

Long-term results after posterior open glenoid wedge osteotomy for posterior shoulder instability associated with excessive glenoid retroversion.

Background: Treatment of posterior shoulder instability (PSI) associated with excessive glenoid retroversion is a rare, challenging problem in shoulder surgery. One proposed technique is posterior open wedge glenoid osteotomy to correct excessive glenoid retroversion as described by Scott. However, this operation is rarely performed, and limited long-term outcomes using this approach are available.

Limited access to family-based addiction prevention services for socio-economically deprived families in Switzerland: a grounded theory study.

Background: Families living in poor socio-economic circumstances, already confronted with social and health inequalities, are often not reached by family-based addiction prevention services. Besides quantitative models and health literacy approaches, qualitative research is lacking that could shed light on the exact circumstances and processes that lead to hindered addiction prevention service uptake by these families. Drawing on the concept of candidacy, we therefore reconstructed how socio-economically deprived parents and their (pre) adolescent children in the German-speaking part of Switzerland (non-)identified their candidacy for family-based addiction prevention services.

A Clinical Program for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Neurodiverse/Autistic Adolescents Developed through Community-Based Participatory Design.

: A series of studies report elevated rates of autism and autistic characteristics among gender-diverse youth seeking gender services. Although youth with the co-occurrence present with complex care needs, existing studies have focused on co-occurrence rates. Further, clinical commentaries have emphasized provider-centered interpretations of clinical needs rather than key stakeholder-driven clinical approaches.

Changes of Supraspinatus Muscle Volume and Fat Fraction After Successful or Failed Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background: Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration are limiting factors for successful rotator cuff (RC) repair. Quantitative data regarding these hallmarks of degenerative muscle changes after RC repair in humans are scarce. By utilizing a new application of the 6-point Dixon magnetic resonance imaging technology, 3-dimensional volume and fat fraction analysis of the whole RC muscle have become possible.

Initial experiences with a centrifugal-pump based minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation system in pediatric congenital cardiac surgery.

Background: Minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) circuits are an established alternative to conventional extracorporeal circulation (CECC). Based on the positive effects and improved perioperative outcomes of MiECC in adult cardiac surgery, this perfusion concept appears particularly attractive to pediatric cardiac surgery. So far, there are no reports on the clinical application of a MiECC system for corrective surgery in neonates and children.

Mechanisms of Suture Integration in Living Tissue: Biomechanical and Histological In Vivo Analysis in Sheep.

The potential of nonabsorbable suture material to augment tissue strength in the long-term is by far not exploited by most of the currently used sutures. The authors hypothesized that different sutures yield specific histological tissue reactions associated with specific mechanical shear resistance of the suture against the tissue. Four different suture types (Orthocord, Ethibond, FiberTape, and FiberWire) were implanted in 36 sheep shoulders (supraspinatus/greater tuberosity).

International trade and unemployment: towards an investigation of the Swiss case.

The topic of this paper has been motivated by the rising unemployment rate of low-skilled relative to high-skilled labour in Switzerland. Between 1991 and 2014, Switzerland experienced the highest relative increase in the low-skilled unemployment rate among all OECD countries. A natural culprit for this development is "globalization" as indicated by some mass layoffs in Switzerland and as commonly voiced in public debates all over the world.

"They Thought It Was an Obsession": Trajectories and Perspectives of Autistic Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents.

Despite research exploring autism in gender-diverse adolescents, no studies have elicited these individuals' perspectives. In-depth interviews with 22 well-characterized autistic gender-diverse adolescents revealed critical themes, including: recollections of pre-pubertal gender nonconformity; vivid experiences of gender dysphoria; a fear of social gender expression due to perceived animosity toward transgender people; and specific challenges that result from the interplay of gender diversity and neurodiversity. During the ~ 22 month study social gender affirmation increased in six participants and gender dysphoria attenuated in four participants.

Early-Onset Complete Ovarian Failure and Lack of Puberty in a Woman With Mutated Estrogen Receptor β (ESR2).

Context: Estrogen resistance due to mutations in the estrogen receptor α gene (ESR1) has been described in men and women and is characterized by osteoporosis, delayed bone age and continuous growth in adulthood, and delayed puberty and multiple ovarian cysts in women. Although mutations in the estrogen receptor β gene ESR2 were found in 46, XY patients with differences of sex development, no genetic variants of ESR2 were linked to gonadal defects in women.

Settings And Patient: Here we describe a 16-year-old female patient who came to our tertiary care hospital with complete lack of estrogen action, as demonstrated by absent breast development, primary amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, resembling patients with ESR1 mutation.

Kinetics and stereochemistry of LinB-catalyzed δ-HBCD transformation: Comparison of in vitro and in silico results.

LinB is a haloalkane dehalogenase found in Sphingobium indicum B90A, an aerobic bacterium isolated from contaminated soils of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) dumpsites. We showed that this enzyme also converts hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). Here we give new insights in the kinetics and stereochemistry of the enzymatic transformation of δ-HBCD, which resulted in the formation of two pentabromocyclododecanols (PBCDols) as first- (P, P) and two tetrabromocyclododecadiols (TBCDdiols) as second-generation products (T, T).

A novel DAX-1 (NR0B1) mutation in a boy with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita.

Background: X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is caused by mutations in DAX-1 (NR0B1) playing a key role in adrenal and reproductive development.

Case Presentation: Herein we report a 2.5-year-old boy who presented with acute adrenal failure.

Prevalence and consequences of chromosomal abnormalities in Canadian commercial swine herds.

Background: Structural chromosome abnormalities are well known as factors that reduce fertility rate in domestic pigs. According to large-scale national cytogenetic screening programs that are implemented in France, it is estimated that new chromosome abnormalities occur at a rate of 0.5 % in fertility-unproven boars.

Association of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor genes with sow productivity estimated breeding values.

Our objectives were to estimate frequencies of previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in a population of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire pigs and evaluate the effect of these alleles on sow productivity estimated breeding values (EBVs). Eight SNPs were genotyped on 446 pigs in the ADIPOQ (c.178G>A, c.

Stereochemistry of enzymatic transformations of (+)β- and (-)β-HBCD with LinA2--a HCH-degrading bacterial enzyme of Sphingobium indicum B90A.

LinA2, a bacterial enzyme expressed in various Sphingomonadaceae, catalyzes the elimination of HCl from hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and, as discussed here, the release of HBr from certain hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). Both classes of compounds are persistent organic pollutants now regulated under the Stockholm Convention. LinA2 selectively catalyzes the transformation of β-HBCDs; other stereoisomers like α-, γ-, and δ-HBCDs are not converted.

LinA2, a HCH-converting bacterial enzyme that dehydrohalogenates HBCDs.

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are lipophilic, polyhalogenated hydrocarbons with comparable stereochemistry. Bacterial evolution in HCH-contaminated soils resulted in the development of several Spingomonadaceae which express a series of HCH-converting enzymes. We showed that LinB, a haloalkane dehalogenase from Sphingobium indicum B90A, also transforms various HBCDs besides HCHs.