Predictive Molecular Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer Identified by Next-Generation Sequencing-Preliminary Data.

The majority of patients with bladder cancer suffer from tumour recurrence. Identifying prognostic factors for tumour recurrence is crucial for treatment and follow-up in affected patients. The study aimed to assess the impact of somatic mutations in bladder cancer on patient outcomes and tumour recurrence.

The complex anatomy of the bronchial arteries: a meta-analysis with potential implications for thoracic surgery and hemoptysis treatment.

The present meta-analysis aimed to provide the most detailed and comprehensive anatomical description of bronchial arteries (BAs) using data available in the literature. Adequate knowledge of the normal anatomy and morphological variations of BAs can be clinically significant; for example, this approach can prevent potential risks while undertaking bronchial artery embolization (BAE) procedures and, ultimately, lead to better patient outcomes. Major medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched.

Unveiling the significance of peripheral nervous system glia: implications for nervous system disorders and therapeutic interventions.

Glial cells are indispensable components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), exerting diverse regulatory functions crucial for neuronal health and function. From myelination and synaptic modulation to immune regulation, glia actively participates in maintaining PNS homeostasis and responding to pathological insults. Further elucidating the roles of glial cells in peripheral nerve disorders holds promise for developing targeted therapeutic interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve patient outcomes.

Unusual anatomical variants of infrahyoid muscles - case report.

Anatomical anomalies of neck muscles are rarely observed and usually comprise variations of digastric and omohyoid muscles. Neck muscles' abnormalities might be correlated with embryological development and are observed in individuals with aneuploidies such as Edward's syndrome (18-trisomy) or Down syndrome (21-trisomy). Some infrahyoid muscles are important landmarks during surgery, therefore their anatomical variations of these muscles are related to higher risk of surgical complications.

Testicular Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Approximately one-third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is recognized in its metastatic stage. This systematic review aimed to summarize knowledge on the occurrence and treatment of testicular RCC metastasis. The literature search was performed by two authors independently, with the use of main electronic medical databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed) until March 2023 to identify relevant articles that could potentially contribute to this review.

Morphology of the Sella Turcica: A Meta-Analysis Based on the Results of 18,364 Patients.

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to present data on the sella turcica (ST) morphology and variations. Furthermore, a detailed morphometric analysis of the ST was conducted.

Methods: Major online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched through.

Embryological basis of polyorchidism including classification, reproductive potential, and risk of malignancy: A review.

Polyorchidism, a congenital malformation characterized by supernumerary testes (SNTs), is usually revealed incidentally during ultrasound or open scrotal surgery. In the approximately 200 cases so far published in the literature, the left side is affected more often than the right. Despite the rarity of this anomaly, a surgeon must have basic knowledge of its embryological basis and classifications to implement proper treatment and avoid overlooking it, since the consequences could harm the patient.

Glomangioma in the hand: diagnosis, treatment, and challenges.

Introduction: In this paper, we have analysed all hand glomangioma cases referred to our clinic in the context of symptoms, time to diagnosis, and the role of surgical resection of the lesion.

Material And Methods: We have collected the following data: the presence of risk factors, manifestation, time to diagnosis, the treatment applied, and follow-up of patients.

Results: We have collected medical records from six patients, three males and three females.

Duplication of the Hypoglossal Nerve Branch to the Thyrohyoid Muscle: A Case Report.

The motor fibers to the thyrohyoid muscle are provided by the anterior ramus of C1 via the hypoglossal nerve rather than via the ansa cervicalis. Knowledge of possible variations in the branching patterns of the nerves attached to the hypoglossal nerve is necessary to minimize iatrogenic injury to these structures during surgical procedures. We describe a rare anatomical variant of the nerve branch to the thyrohyoid muscle.

Immunohistochemical analysis of the ligamentum mucosum is the key to understand its clinical usefulness.

Ligamentum Mucosum(LM) is a ligamentous structure within the synovial layer of the knee joint capsule. For a long time LM was perceived as the vestigial remnant from the embryological development of the knee. Being treated as an irrelevant structure LM was often the first victim of shaver during arthroscopy.

Prevalence, Laterality, and Classification of Ossified Petroclival Ligaments: An Anatomical and Histological Study With Application to Skull Base Surgery.

Background The petroclival ligament (PL) forms the roof of Dorello's canal (DC). In humans, partial and complete ossification of this ligament have been reported. When completely ossified, DC is transformed into a bony foramen for the abducens nerve and accompanying vascular structures.

The sphenopalatine vein: anatomical study of a rarely described structure.

Although in counterpart, the sphenopalatine artery (SPA), has been well described in the medical literature, the sphenopalatine vein (SPV) has received scant attention. Therefore, the present anatomical study was performed. Additionally, we discuss the variations, embryology, and clinical significance of the SPV.

Microanatomical study of arachnoid granulations and meningeal architecture around Meckel's cave.

Although the microanatomy of Meckel's cave (MC) has been well studied, there are still controversies regarding the meningeal architecture of the space. Moreover, there are only general mentions of the arachnoid granulations near MC in just a few sources. This study is aimed at determining the frequency, location, and anatomical variability of the main clusters of arachnoid granulations around MC.

The Sphenoparietal Sinus Revisited: Anatomical and Histological Study With Application to Interventional Procedures and Skull Base Surgery.

Background The sphenoparietal sinus (SPS) is implicated in various clinical pathologies, specifically arteriovenous fistulas and venous sinus thrombosis. This study is aimed to better understand this venous structure of the skull base via histological examination. Methods Ten embalmed and latex-injected adult body donors' heads (20 sides) underwent microdissection of the SPS using a surgical microscope.

Polyorchidism: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review.

Polyorchidism is a rare male urogenital tract anomaly characterized by at least one supernumerary testis in the scrotum or ectopically. According to data based on our systematic review, 76% of the supernumerary testes (SNTs) were located in the scrotum, and 24% were extra-scrotal (p < 0.001).

The ligamentum mucosum: A new classification.

The ligamentum mucosum (LM) is a ligamentous structure within the synovial layer of the knee joint capsule. For a long time LM was perceived as the vestigial remnant from the embryological development of the knee. However, last years have shown increased interest in this structure due to its potentially significant clinical role.

The petroclinoid ligament: a meta-analysis of its morphometry and prevalence of mineralization with a review of the literature.

Background: The petroclinoid ligament (PCL) is an important structure in the petroclival region. The anatomy of the PCL and its relationship with the surrounding structure is highly variable. The aim of this study was to estimate the morphometry, prevalence of mineralization, and anatomy of the PCL.

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess with Concomitant Spinal Degenerative Diseases: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review.

Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) is a rare clinical pathology of the central nervous system that usually accompanies other underlying comorbidities. Traditionally it has been associated with significant mortality and neurological morbidities because it is often difficult to diagnose promptly, owing to its nonspecific clinical and neuroimaging features. The mortality rate and the outcome of these infections have been improved by the introduction into clinical practice of antibiotics, advanced neuroimaging modalities, and immediate surgery.

What Is Currently Known about Intramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess among Children? A Concise Review.

Intramedullary spinal cord abscesses (ISCA) are rare. Typical symptoms include signs of infection and neurological deficits. Symptoms among (younger) children can be highly uncharacteristic.

The Underlying Pathogenesis of Neurovascular Compression Syndromes: A Systematic Review.

Neurovascular compression syndromes (NVC) are challenging disorders resulting from the compression of cranial nerves at the root entry/exit zone. Clinically, we can distinguish the following NVC conditions: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Also, rare cases of geniculate neuralgia and superior laryngeal neuralgia are reported.

Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Depressive Disorders.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationships of Young's early maladaptive schemas with indicators of specific neural emotional systems conceptualized in Panksepp's theory in a group of people suffering from depressive disorders.

Materials And Methods: The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) v. 2.