Intra-peritoneal Povidone-iodine Irrigation Decreases Abscesses in a Perforated Appendicitis Murine Model.

Background: Children with perforated appendicitis frequently form post-operative intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA). Intra-peritoneal irrigation for prevention remains controversial. Using a perforated appendicitis murine model, we sought to determine the effect of intra-peritoneal irrigation on post-operative IAA and adhesion formation.

Patient Factors Associated with Access to Outpatient Pediatric General Surgical Care in a Rural State.

Background: We sought to understand factors impacting timely access to outpatient pediatric general surgical care in a largely rural state.

Methods: We conducted a multi-site retrospective cohort study, evaluating patients <18 years referred for outpatient pediatric general surgical evaluation from 11/1/2017-7/31/2022. Outcomes included obtaining an appointment, completing an appointment, and undergoing an operation.

National Initiative Pivots Amid a Global Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the InSideOut Initiative.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) caused disruptions and challenges across the globe, and many public health interventions focused on addressing immediate and emergent needs directly related to COVID-19. At the same time, other community health needs persisted, and intervention collaborators faced new challenges with reaching their communities. One such intervention was the InSideOut Initiative, a systems approach aimed at creating more supportive cultures for school-aged athletes by assisting school leaders, athletics administrators, and coaches with developing social and emotional competencies.

Using the Preparation Phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Design an Antiextremism Program in Bahrain: Formative and Pilot Research.

Background: Extremism continues to raise concerns about conflict and violent attacks that can lead to deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to radicalization by extremists. Given its location in a region that often experiences extremism, Bahrain developed 4 peaceful coexistence lessons and 4 antiextremism lessons to be implemented as part of their Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.

Doping Prevalence among U.S. Elite Athletes Subject to Drug Testing under the World Anti-Doping Code.

Background: Determining the prevalence of doping within an elite athlete population is challenging due to the extreme sensitivity of the topic; however, understanding true doping prevalence is important when designing anti-doping programs and measuring their effectiveness. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of doping among Olympic, Paralympic, World, and National-level competitive athletes in the United States subject to the World Anti-Doping Code. All athletes who were subject to the U.

Content comparison of campus medical amnesty policies.

To describe common components of medical amnesty (MA) policies and examine how MA policies differ across institutions. 50 U.S.

Progressive Reduction in Preventable Mortality in a State Trauma System Using Continuous Preventable Mortality Review to Drive Provider Education: Results of Analyzing 1,979 Trauma Deaths from 2015 to 2022.

Background: The state legislature codified and funded the Arkansas Trauma System (ATS) in 2009. Quarterly preventable mortality reviews (PMRs) by the ATS began in 2015 and were used to guide state-wide targeted education to reduce preventable or potentially preventable (P/PP) deaths. We present the results of this PMR-education initiative from 2015 to 2022.

Masculine Drinking Norms and Alcohol Use in a National Sample of NCAA Male Student-Athletes.

Objectives: Participation in sports can increase young adults' risk for heavy alcohol use and related consequences. Among student-athletes, more men report heavy drinking than women. These gender differences may reflect men's expression of masculinity which can encompass excessive consumption.

Effects of Workplace Variables on Workers Intentions to Misuse Prescription Opioids.

Objective: Workers in industries with high rates of opioid dispensing as well as those with high rates of non-fatal work-related injuries are at greater risk for opioid misuse, which can lead to addiction, overdose, or death.

Methods: Using secondary cross-sectional data collected from 856 healthcare workers, this pilot study examines a conceptual model for workers' intentions to seek out prescription opioids and intentions to use opioids at higher doses over longer periods.

Results: Results showed significant protective effects of beliefs, injunctive and subjective norms, and behavioral control on intentions to seek out opioids.

Fidelity of D.A.R.E. Officers' Delivery of "keepin' it REAL" in Elementary & Middle School.

The goal of the current study is to examine the degree to which measures of quality of implementation and student engagement moderate pretest-posttest changes in mediating variables that are targeted by DARE "keepin' it REAL." DARE officers (10 elementary school, five middle school) taught DARE "keepin' it REAL lessons to 1,017 elementary students (480 boys and 534 girls) and 435 middle school students (217 boys and 215 girls). We examined teachers' and students' ratings of elementary and middle schools in response to DARE officers' delivery of the program.

Differential encoding of temporal context and expectation under representational drift across hierarchically connected areas.

The classic view that neural populations in sensory cortices preferentially encode responses to incoming stimuli has been strongly challenged by recent experimental studies. Despite the fact that a large fraction of variance of visual responses in rodents can be attributed to behavioral state and movements, trial-history, and salience, the effects of contextual modulations and expectations on sensory-evoked responses in visual and association areas remain elusive. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study showing that hierarchically connected visual and association areas differentially encode the temporal context and expectation of naturalistic visual stimuli, consistent with the theory of hierarchical predictive coding.

D.A.R.E./keepin' it REAL elementary curriculum: Substance use outcomes.

In response to a need to implement an evidence-based prevention program, D.A.R.

Group Nature-Based Mindfulness Interventions: Nature-Based Mindfulness Training for College Students with Anxiety.

The mental health crisis across college campuses is accelerating, with anxiety listed as the top mental health issue for undergraduate college students. Although evidence suggests the COVID-19 pandemic escalated the mental health crisis on college campuses, pre-COVID-19 anxiety among college students was on the rise. Research supports Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) to reduce anxiety among college students.

School-Level Longitudinal Predictors of Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use.

This study analyzed measures aggregated at the school level to identify key predictors of drinking alcohol, binge drinking, smoking cigarettes, and using marijuana. Using data collected from 6th through 12th grade students between 2011 and 2015, we identify school-level variables that predict school-level prevalence in the subsequent year. Data included prior year assessments of: (1) school-wide prevalence, (2) perceived ease of access to drugs, (3) perceived adult disapproval of drug use, (4) perceived peer disapproval of drug use, and (5) perceived prevalence of drug use.

Distance estimation from monocular cues in an ethological visuomotor task.

In natural contexts, sensory processing and motor output are closely coupled, which is reflected in the fact that many brain areas contain both sensory and movement signals. However, standard reductionist paradigms decouple sensory decisions from their natural motor consequences, and head-fixation prevents the natural sensory consequences of self-motion. In particular, movement through the environment provides a number of depth cues beyond stereo vision that are poorly understood.

Elder child or young adult? Adolescent trauma mortality amongst pediatric and adult facilities.

Background: While it is assumed adolescents receive comparable trauma care at pediatric trauma centers (PTC), adult trauma centers (ATC), and combined facilities (MTC), this remains understudied.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study through the NTDB evaluating patients 14-18 years of age who presented to an ACS-verified level 1 or 2 trauma facility between 1/1/2016 and 12/31/2019. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare mortality risk among trauma facility verification types.

An Evaluation of Pediatric Gastrocutaneous Fistula Closure Through the Punch Excision of Epithelized Tract Procedure.

Background: Persistent gastrocutaneous fistulae frequently complicate gastrostomy tube placement. A minimally invasive technique for tract closure employing balloon catheter retraction and punch excision of the epithelized tract (PEET) was recently reported. We hypothesized the PEET technique of closure would lead to decreased complications without an increased incidence of recurrence.

Recruiting and retaining first-year college students in online health research: Implementation considerations.

Decreasing participation in intervention research among college students has implications for the external validity of behavioral intervention research. We describe recruitment and retention strategies used to promote participation in intervention research across a series of four randomized experiments. We report the recruitment and retention rates by school for each experiment and qualitative feedback from students about recommendations for improving research participation.

A National Study on Drinking Game Behaviors and Related Consequences Among NCAA Student-Athletes: Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences.

Objective: Research indicates that college student-athletes report more alcohol use and negative drinking consequences than non-student-athletes. One drinking practice that has been linked to heavy alcohol use and related consequences is playing drinking games. In the present study, we investigated which segment of the student-athlete population is most at risk for frequent drinking game participation, elevated alcohol consumption while playing drinking games, and negative drinking game consequences.

Dimensions of Athletic Identity and their Associations with Drinking Behaviors among a National Sample of University Athletes in the United States.

Although prior studies have indicated athletic identity plays a role in alcohol use among college athletes, this research has largely drawn on a unidimensional conceptualization. Addressing this gap, the current study utilized a sample of 8,550 university athletes (M = 19.70 years, SD = 1.

A randomized iterative approach to optimizing an online substance use intervention for collegiate athletes.

Background: Rates of drug use among collegiate athletes are high, yet there are few evidence-based interventions for this population. myPlaybook, an online intervention for collegiate athletes, targets multiple predictors of drug use (i.e.