Evaluating the factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) in adults with congenital heart disease.

: While it is generally assumed that common neurobehavioral assessments, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), function similarly in clinical and non-clinical populations, this has not been validated in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). In this study, we examined the latent factor structure of the WAIS-IV in adults with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) who participated in the Boston Circulatory Arrest Study. : The WAIS-IV was administered as part of a larger assessment battery.

A Decision-Making Grid for Coenrollment in Multiple Clinical Trials.

Background: While subject coenrollment into multiple trials is desirable, thoughtful consideration is required to avoid compromising each trial's scientific integrity.

Objective: We developed a Decision-Making Grid (GRID) to help investigators determine whether a clinical trial is compatible with a second clinical trial, thus allowing coenrollment, or if it should be considered competing, prohibiting coenrollment.

Methods: The GRID evaluates 21 elements across 4 domains: Scientific Integrity, Data Interpretation, Feasibility/Burden, and Additional Considerations.

Family Socioeconomic Status and Neurodevelopment Among Patients With Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Importance: Data are limited on the longitudinal implications of socioeconomic status (SES) for neurodevelopmental outcomes among persons with complex congenital heart disease (CHD).

Objectives: To examine the association of family SES, maternal educational level, and maternal IQ with the neurodevelopment of individuals with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) from age 1 to 16 years and to identify how SES-related disparities change with age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data of participants enrolled in the Boston Circulatory Arrest Study, a randomized clinical trial conducted in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1988 to 1992.

Meta-regression of sulcal patterns, clinical and environmental factors on neurodevelopmental outcomes in participants with multiple CHD types.

Congenital heart disease affects 1% of infants and is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Right- or left-sided sulcal features correlate with executive function among people with Tetralogy of Fallot or single ventricle congenital heart disease. Studies of multiple congenital heart disease types are needed to understand regional differences.

Design and rationale of the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome - paediatrics (PICS-p) Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Introduction: As paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality declines, there is growing recognition of the morbidity experienced by children surviving critical illness and their families. A comprehensive understanding of the adverse physical, cognitive, emotional and social sequelae common to PICU survivors is limited, however, and the trajectory of recovery and risk factors for morbidity remain unknown.

Methods And Analysis: The Post-Intensive Care Syndrome paediatrics Longitudinal Cohort Study will evaluate child and family outcomes over 2 years following PICU discharge and identify child and clinical factors associated with impaired outcomes.

Sedation Research in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: Proposals for Future Study Design From the Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment, Education, and Research IV Workshop.

Objectives: Sedation and analgesia for infants and children requiring mechanical ventilation in the PICU is uniquely challenging due to the wide spectrum of ages, developmental stages, and pathophysiological processes encountered. Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of sedative and analgesic management in pediatric patients have used heterogeneous methodologies. The Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment, Education, and Research (SCEPTER) IV hosted a series of multidisciplinary meetings to establish consensus statements for future clinical study design and implementation as a guide for investigators studying PICU sedation and analgesia.

Association of genetic and sulcal traits with executive function in congenital heart disease.

Objective: Persons with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities, including impairments to executive function. Sulcal pattern features correlate with executive function in adolescents with single-ventricle heart disease and tetralogy of Fallot. However, the interaction of sulcal pattern features with genetic and participant factors in predicting executive dysfunction is unknown.

Effect of neonatal seizure burden and etiology on the long-term outcome: data from a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Neonatal seizures are common, but the impact of neonatal seizures on long-term neurologic outcome remains unclear. We addressed this question by analyzing data from an early-phase controlled trial of bumetanide to treat neonatal seizures.

Methods: Neonatal seizure burden was calculated from continuous video-EEG data.

Inpatient Screening for Early Identification of Developmental Risk in Infants with Congenital Heart Defects.

Objective: To assess the utility of an inpatient standardized developmental screener for early identification of developmental risk in infants with a congenital heart defect (CHD).

Study Design: This was a retrospective, observational study with convenience sample of postoperative infants with CHD (aged 3-12 months) who underwent neurodevelopmental screening with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Screening Test, Third Edition (Bayley-III Screener) just before discharge. Follow-up testing included outpatient Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) (12-42 mo).

Neurological and Psychological Sequelae Associated With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Importance: Acute neurological involvement occurs in some patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), but few data report neurological and psychological sequelae, and no investigations include direct assessments of cognitive function 6 to 12 months after discharge.

Objective: To characterize neurological, psychological, and quality of life sequelae after MIS-C.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in the US and Canada.

Development of the data registry for the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) can face neurodevelopmental, psychological, and behavioural difficulties beginning in infancy and continuing through adulthood. Despite overall improvements in medical care and a growing focus on neurodevelopmental screening and evaluation in recent years, neurodevelopmental disabilities, delays, and deficits remain a concern. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was founded in 2016 with the goal of improving neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with CHD and pediatric heart disease.

Risk Factors for Positive Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Screening and Associated Outcomes in Children Surviving Acute Respiratory Failure: A Secondary Analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To identify risk factors and outcomes associated with a positive post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screen following pediatric acute respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation.

Design: Nonprespecified secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Thirty-one U.

Impact of tight glycemic control and hypoglycemia after pediatric cardiac surgery on neurodevelopmental outcomes at three years of age: Findings from a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Studies examining the impact of randomization As per standard instruction, city is required for affiliations; however, this information is missing in affiliation 6. Please check if the provided city is correct and amend if necessary. to tight glycemic control (TGC) and resultant hypoglycemia on later neurodevelopmental outcomes have produced mixed results.

The Surprise Question as a Trigger for Primary Palliative Care Interventions for Children with Advanced Heart Disease.

There is significant uncertainty in describing prognosis and a lack of reliable entry criteria for palliative care studies in children with advanced heart disease (AHD). This study evaluates the utility of the surprise question-"Would you be surprised if this child died within the next year?"-to predict one-year mortality in children with AHD and assess its utility as entry criteria for future trials. This is a prospective cohort study of physicians and nurses caring for children (1 month-19 years) with AHD hospitalized ≥ 7 days.

Machine Learning to Predict Executive Function in Adolescents with Repaired d-Transposition of the Great Arteries, Tetralogy of Fallot, and Fontan Palliation.

Objective: To identify predictors of impaired executive function in adolescents after surgical repair of critical congenital heart disease (CHD).

Study Design: We analyzed patient factors, medical and surgical history, and family social class from 3 single-center studies of adolescents with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and Fontan repair. Machine learning models were developed using recursive partitioning to predict an executive function composite score based on five subtests (population mean 10, SD 3) of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System.

Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Third Generation.

Background: Animal experiments indicate that environmental factors, such as cigarette smoke, can have multigenerational effects through the germline. However, there are little data on multigenerational effects of smoking in humans. We examined the associations between grandmothers' smoking while pregnant and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in her grandchildren.

Fetal Brain Volume Predicts Neurodevelopment in Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Neurodevelopmental impairment is common in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), but postnatal variables explain only 30% of the variance in outcomes. To explore whether the antecedents for neurodevelopmental disabilities might begin in utero, we analyzed whether fetal brain volume predicted subsequent neurodevelopmental outcome in children with CHD.

Methods: Fetuses with isolated CHD and sociodemographically comparable healthy control fetuses underwent fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging and 2-year neurodevelopmental evaluation with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3).

Early Neuromuscular Blockade in Moderate-to-Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objectives: The use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is common but unsupported by efficacy data. We sought to compare the outcomes between patients with moderate-to-severe PARDS receiving continuous NMBA during the first 48 hours of endotracheal intubation (early NMBA) and those without.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure (RESTORE) clinical trial, a pediatric multicenter cluster randomized trial of sedation.