Lifestyle Behaviors of Bronx Middle-School Students Enrolled in an Afterschool Program: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Shutdown.

A minority of American youth meet CDC lifestyle behavior recommendations. Children in the Bronx face barriers to healthy behaviors amplified by COVID-19. This research evaluated baseline behavior among distinct cohorts attending afterschool programming before and after the COVID-19 shutdown.

A Cluster-Randomized Study of Technology-Assisted Health Coaching for Weight Management in Primary Care.

Purpose: We undertook a trial to test the efficacy of a technology-assisted health coaching intervention for weight management, called Goals for Eating and Moving (GEM), within primary care.

Methods: This cluster-randomized controlled trial enrolled 19 primary care teams with 63 clinicians; 9 teams were randomized to GEM and 10 to enhanced usual care (EUC). The GEM intervention included 1 in-person and up to 12 telephone-delivered coaching sessions.

Developing and Evaluating the DiabetesXcel Mobile Application for Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

The authors trialed a mobile application, DiabetesXcel, which included type 2 diabetes-focused educational videos and modules, in 50 adults of Bronx, NY, a region with a high prevalence of diabetes and diabetes complications. From baseline to 4 months and from baseline to 6 months, there was significantly improved quality of life, self-management, knowledge, self-efficacy, depression, A1C, and LDL cholesterol among those who used DiabetesXcel. There was also a significant decrease in diabetes-related emergency department visits and hospital admissions from baseline to 6 months.

Integrating a Community-Based Health Information System with a Patient-Centered Medical Home to improve care of patients with hypertension: a longitudinal observational study protocol.

Background: The primary healthcare system in Pakistan focuses on providing episodic, disease-based care. Health care for low-middle income communities is largely through a fee-for-service model that ignores preventive and health-promotive services. The growing burden of cardiovascular illnesses requires restructuring of the primary health care system allowing a community-to-clinic model of care to improve patient- and community-level health indicators.

Procedural Fairness in Physician-Patient Communication: A Predictor of Health Outcomes in a Cohort of Adults with Overweight or Obesity.

Background: This study aimed to explore whether patients' perception of procedural fairness in physicians' communication was associated with willingness to follow doctor's recommendations, self-efficacy beliefs, dietary behaviors, and body mass index.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of baseline data from 489 primary care patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m (43.6% Black, 40.

Feasibility of a family-oriented mHealth intervention for Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized control trial.

Objectives: To test the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a mHealth intervention tailored for Chinese immigrant families with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with baseline, 3-, and 6-month measurements. Participating dyads, T2D patients and families/friends from NYC, were randomized into the intervention group (n = 11) or the wait-list control group (n = 12).

Waist-to-height ratio associated cardiometabolic risk phenotype in children with overweight/obesity.

Background: Childhood overweight/obesity has been associated with an elevated risk of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) may be a simple screening tool to quickly identify children at elevated risk for cardiometabolic disorders. The primary objective of the present study was to create sex-specific tertile cut points of WHtR and assess its association with Insulin resistance and elevated liver enzyme concentrations in children, factors using cross-sectional data from the randomized, controlled Family Weight Management Study.

Evaluation of feasibility and acceptability of a web-based diabetes prevention program (DPP) for diabetes risk reduction in Chinese Americans in New York City.

Introduction: Intensive lifestyle intervention remains an effective modality to reduce diabetes incidence and delay the progression to type 2 diabetes. The primary aim of this study was to pilot-test the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally and linguistically tailored web-based DPP intervention among Chinese Americans with prediabetes living in New York City.

Methods: Thirteen Chinese American participants with prediabetes were recruited to complete a 1-year web-based Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention.

Dietary Self-Management Using Mobile Health Technology for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Dietary self-management is one key component to achieve optimal glycemic control. Advances in mobile health (mHealth) technology have reduced the burden of diabetes self-management; however, limited evidence has been known regarding the status of the current body of research using mHealth technology for dietary management for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Literature searches were conducted electronically using PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and Scopus.

Trends in health behavior at an afterschool program: the impact of COVID-19 on students' behavior.

Background: A minority of American youth meet CDC physical activity (PA) recommendations; children in the Bronx face additional structural barriers to engaging in PA. The B'N Fit Power expansion draws on pilot programming to increase the proportion of middle school students who engage in one hour of daily PA. The COVID-19 pandemic presented additional obstacles, including increased food insecurity and suspension of organized PA programming.

Development of a Web-Based Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for Chinese Americans: A Formative Evaluation Approach.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that an online Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) can delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. However, little has been done for Chinese Americans. This study, using Community-Based Participatory Research and Intervention Mapping approaches, describes a formative research process in the development of a culturally and linguistically tailored online DPP program among Chinese Americans with prediabetes living in New York City.

Effectiveness of Goal-Directed and Outcome-Based Financial Incentives for Weight Loss in Primary Care Patients With Obesity Living in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Financial incentives for weight management may increase use of evidence-based strategies while addressing obesity-related economic disparities in low-income populations.

Objective: To examine the effects of 2 financial incentive strategies developed using behavioral economic theory when added to provision of weight management resources.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Three-group, randomized clinical trial conducted from November 2017 to May 2021 at 3 hospital-based clinics in New York City, New York, and Los Angeles, California.

Lifestyle Coaching May Be an Effective Treatment for Schizophrenia.

This commentary critiques the Danish CHANGE trial, which evaluated 3 levels of outpatient intervention intensity, in a group of outpatients with obesity and schizophrenia. Neither adding care coordination with weekly nurse contacts alone nor combining this treatment with assertive community lifestyle coaching as compared to treatment as usual improved outcomes, which included cardiovascular disease risk calculation, cardiorespiratory fitness, weight, and self-reported behaviors such as smoking, physical activity, and diet. The CHANGE trial investigators appear strongly averse to recommending the development and implementation of lifestyle medicine programs as a major component when treating outpatients with severe mental disorders.

Multicultural Healthy Diet to Reduce Cognitive Decline & Alzheimer's Disease Risk: Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that healthy dietary patterns are associated with higher cognitive status; however, few clinical trials have explored this association in diverse middle-aged adults before the onset of cognitive decline. We use novel ambulatory methods to assess cognition in natural settings in tandem with diet recording.

Aims: We investigate whether the Multicultural Healthy Diet Study to Reduce Cognitive Decline & Alzheimer's Disease Risk, a pilot randomized controlled trial of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern compared to usual diet, can mitigate cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease risk in a diverse population of 40-65 year old adults in Bronx, New York.

Adaptation of diabetes prevention program for Chinese Americans - a qualitative study.

Background: Studies have demonstrated that a culturally and linguistically tailored Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) can be effective in reducing diabetes risk in Chinese Americans. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural and linguistic acceptability of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevent T2 curriculum in an online format in the Chinese American community in New York City (NYC).

Methods: Three focus groups among a total of 24 Chinese Americans with prediabetes and one community advisory board (CAB) meeting with 10 key stakeholders with expertise in diabetes care and lifestyle interventions were conducted.

Association of the built environment and neighborhood resources with obesity-related health behaviors in older veterans with hypertension.

Objective: To evaluate the association of the built environment and neighborhood resources with exercise, diet, and body mass index (BMI).

Method: Person-level data were collected from 533 veterans with uncontrolled hypertension. Neighborhood measures were: (a) census-tract level walkability; and (b) healthy food proximity (HFP).

Spillover Effects of a Family-Based Childhood Weight-Management Intervention on Parental Nutrient Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Background: Parental involvement has been shown to favorably affect childhood weight-management interventions, but whether these interventions influence parental diet and cardiometabolic health outcomes is unclear.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate whether a 1-y family-based childhood weight-management intervention altered parental nutrient biomarker concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs).

Methods: Secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial (NCT00851201).

Social Determinants of Health Screening by Preclinical Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Service-Based Learning Case Study.

Background: The inclusion of social determinants of health is mandated for undergraduate medical education. However, little is known about how to prepare preclinical students for real-world screening and referrals for addressing social determinants of health.

Objective: This pilot project's objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using a real-world, service-based learning approach for training preclinical students to assess social needs and make relevant referrals via the electronic medical record during the COVID-19 pandemic (May to June 2020).

2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed.