Multiphoton Microscopic Study of the Renal Cell Carcinoma Pseudocapsule: Implications for Tumour Enucleation.

Objective: To utilize Multiphoton Microscopy (MPM) as a novel imaging technique to characterize and quantify collagen at the Renal Cell Carcinoma Pseudocapsule, to assess for both intra-tumoral and inter-tumoral variation of collagen characteristics. MPM combines Second Harmonic Generation and Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence to image extracellular matrix architecture.

Methods: Twenty partial nephrectomy specimen tissues were retrieved, cut into 5-micron sections, mounted on slides and deparaffinized.

The pediatric fracture of the scaphoid in patients aged 13 years and under: an epidemiological study.

Background: Fractures of the scaphoid are uncommon in the pediatric population. Despite their rarity, a significant number of children are referred to the fracture clinic for a suspected scaphoid fracture. The aim of this study was to report on the current incidence, pattern of injury, and the long-term outcomes following this injury in the pediatric population.