Hypoxic high-intensity interval training in individuals with overweight and obesity.

Combining moderate-intensity exercise training with hypoxic exposure may induce larger improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors and health status compared with normoxic exercise training in obesity. Considering the greater cardiometabolic effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT), we hypothesized that hypoxic high-volume HIIT (H-HIIT) would induce greater improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and health status despite a lower absolute training workload than normoxic HIIT (N-HIIT) in overweight/obesity. Thirty-one subjects were randomized to an 8-week H-HIIT [10 male and 6 female; age: 51.

Effects of high intensity interval training on sustained reduction in cardiometabolic risk associated with overweight/obesity. A randomized trial.

Background: Considering the potential greater cardiocirculatory effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT), we hypothesized that a 2-month supervised high volume short interval HIIT would induce greater improvements in CRF and cardiometabolic risk and increase long-term maintenance to physical activity compared to isocaloric moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in overweight/obesity.

Methods: Sixty (19 females) subjects with overweight/obesity were randomized to three training programs (3 times/week for 2 months): MICT (45 min, 50% peak power output-PPO), HIIT (22 × 1-min cycling at 100% PPO/1-min passive recovery) and HIIT-RM (RM: recovery modulation, i.e.

[Adaptation to altitude in respiratory diseases].

The frequency of high-altitude sojourns (for work, leisure, air travel or during car/train journeys) justifies the question of their tolerance, especially in people with pre-existing respiratory disease. Reduced barometric pressure and abrupt variations in temperature and inhaled air density may be responsible for modifications affecting the respiratory system and, in fine, oxygenation. These modifications may compromise altitude tolerance, further worsen respiratory dysfunction and render physical exercise more difficult.

A randomized sham-controlled trial on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on gait control in severe obstructive sleep apnea patients.

To determine the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), on gait control in severe OSAS patients. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, sham-controlled monocentric study in Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, France. Gait parameters were recorded under single and dual-task conditions using a visuo-verbal cognitive task (Stroop test), before and after the 8-week intervention period.

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction: From clinical examination to continuous laryngoscopy during exercise.

The diagnosis of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) should be suspected when exercise triggers inspiratory stridor. EILO is common in adolescent populations and has a significant impact on sports. Identification of laryngeal obstruction during continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE) is the gold standard diagnostic tool for this disorder, which is not widely known in France.

What are the barriers to the completion of a home-based rehabilitation programme for patients awaiting surgery for lung cancer: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: Home-based rehabilitation programmes (H-RPs) could facilitate the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation prior to resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their feasibility has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of non-completion of an H-RP and the factors associated with medical events occurring 30 days after hospital discharge.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to passive hypoxic conditioning in overweight and mildly obese individuals.

Although severe intermittent hypoxia (IH) is well known to induce deleterious cardiometabolic consequences, moderate IH may induce positive effects in obese individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two hypoxic conditioning programs on cardiovascular and metabolic health status of overweight or obese individuals. In this randomized single-blind controlled study, 35 subjects (54 ± 9.

Hypoxic Exercise Training to Improve Exercise Capacity in Obese Individuals.

Introduction: Combining exercise training with hypoxic exposure has been recently proposed as a new therapeutic strategy to improve health status of obese individuals. Whether hypoxic exercise training (HET) provides greater benefits regarding body composition and cardiometabolic parameters than normoxic exercise training (NET) remains, however, unclear. We hypothesized that HET would induce greater improvement in exercise capacity and health status than NET in overweight and obese individuals.

Impaired cerebral oxygenation and exercise tolerance in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objective And Background: Impaired cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia during wakefulness at rest as well as reduced exercise tolerance have been reported in severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Impaired cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can contribute to reduced exercise performance. We hypothesized that (i) OSA patients show impaired cerebrovascular response both during exercise and in response to hypercapnia together with reduced exercise tolerance and (ii) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment improves these alterations in cerebral oxygenation.

[Guidelines for methacholine provocation testing].

Bronchial challenge with the direct bronchoconstrictor agent methacholine is commonly used for the diagnosis of asthma. The "Lung Function" thematic group of the French Pulmonology Society (SPLF) elaborated a series of guidelines for the performance and the interpretation of methacholine challenge testing, based on French clinical guideline methodology. Specifically, guidelines are provided with regard to the choice of judgment criteria, the management of deep inspirations, and the role of methacholine bronchial challenge in the care of asthma, exercise-induced asthma, and professional asthma.

Effectiveness of a lightweight portable auto-CPAP device for the treatment of sleep apnea during high altitude stages of the Dakar Rally: a case report.

Sleep-related breathing disturbances are exacerbated at altitude in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The objective of this case report was to determine if a portable auto-CPAP device effectively treated sleep apnea across different altitudes. We report the severity of sleep apnea from 60 to 12,000 feet high in a man with severe OSA (Apnea Hypopnea Index at diagnosis = 60 events/hour) during the 2017 Dakar rally over the Andes mountains.

Disability in adults with arthrogryposis is severe, partly invisible, and varies by genotype.

Objective: To understand the disability of adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), a rare disease spectrum characterized by at least 2 joint contractures at birth in different body areas.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data for unselected persons with AMC referred to the French center for adults with AMC from 2010 to 2016. All underwent a pluriprofessional systematic and comprehensive investigation of deficits, activity limitation, and participation restriction according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and genetic analysis when indicated.

Neuromuscular Dysfunction and Cortical Impairment in Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Purpose: Lower muscle strength and endurance have been reported in severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Increased intracortical inhibition previously reported at rest in OSA suggests central neuromuscular impairments in these patients. We hypothesized that (i) OSA patients demonstrate reduced knee extensor strength and endurance due to central impairments and (ii) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment improves neuromuscular function in these patients.

Continuous positive airway pressure improves gait control in severe obstructive sleep apnoea: A prospective study.

Study Aim: Severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can lead to neurocognitive alterations, including gait impairments. The beneficial effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on improving excessive daytime sleepiness and daily functioning have been documented. However, a demonstration of CPAP treatment efficacy on gait control is still lacking.

Ventilatory support or respiratory muscle training as adjuncts to exercise in obese CPAP-treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity are interdependent chronic diseases sharing reduced exercise tolerance and high cardiovascular risk.

Intervention: A 3-month intervention with innovative training modalities would further improve functional capacity and cardiovascular health than usual cycle exercise training in already continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-treated obese patients with OSA.

Methods: Fifty three patients (35 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Quadriceps muscle fat infiltration is associated with cardiometabolic risk in COPD.

Purpose: Losses of peripheral muscle mass and ectopic fat accumulation have been associated with cardiometabolic morbidity in COPD. We aimed at identifying the relationship between quadriceps muscle fat infiltration and cardiovascular risk.

Materials And Methods: From 2009 to 2014, 78 COPD patients (64 ± 8 years; 80% male) were prospectively included after having given written consent (ethical committee approval number: 2006-A00491-50).

Acute Feasibility of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Severely Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pilot Study.

. Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are closely interconnected conditions both leading to high cardiovascular risk. Inactivity is frequent and physical activity programs remain difficult in these patients.

Neuromuscular Fatigue during Prolonged Exercise in Hypoxia.

Purpose: Prolonged cycling exercise performance in normoxia is limited because of both peripheral and central neuromuscular impairments. It has been reported that cerebral perturbations are greater during short-duration exercise in hypoxia compared with normoxia. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that central deficits are accentuated in hypoxia compared with normoxia during prolonged (three bouts of 80 min separated by 25 min) whole-body exercise at the same relative intensity.

Safety and efficacy of a 6-month home-based exercise program in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Previous randomized controlled trials investigating exercise training programs in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients are scarce and of short duration only. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of a 6-month home-based exercise training program on fitness, muscle, and motor function in FSHD patients.

Methods: Sixteen FSHD patients were randomly assigned to training (TG) and control (CG) groups (both n = 8) in a home-based exercise intervention.

Physiological correlates to spontaneous physical activity variability in obese patients with already treated sleep apnea syndrome.

Background/objectives: Physical activity is promoted in patients with sleep disorders and obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess physiological factors influencing objectively measured spontaneous physical activity in already treated patients for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Subjects/methods: Fifty-five patients (age = 53 ± 3 years; body mass index (BMI) = 38 ± 3 kg/m; compliance with CPAP >4 h/night) were prospectively included.

Absence of calf muscle metabolism alterations in active cystic fibrosis adults with mild to moderate lung disease.

Background: Specific alterations in skeletal muscle related to genetic defects may be present in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Limb muscle dysfunction may contribute to physical impairment in CF.

Aims And Objectives: We hypothesized that adults with CF would have altered calf muscle metabolism during exercise.