Methylated circulating tumor DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive analysis of biomarker potential and clinical implications.

The intricate epigenetic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is profoundly influenced by alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Understanding these alterations is crucial for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis. Methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) presents itself as an encouraging avenue for biomarker discovery and holds substantial clinical implications in HCC management.

Exploring FGFR signaling inhibition as a promising approach in breast cancer treatment.

As our grasp of cancer genomics deepens, we are steadily progressing towards the domain of precision medicine, where targeted therapy stands out as a revolutionary breakthrough in the landscape of cancer therapeutics. The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) pathway has been unveiled as a fundamental instigator in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying breast carcinoma, paving the way for the exhilarating development of precision-targeted therapeutics. In the pursuit of exploring inhibitors that specifically target the FGFR signaling pathways, a multitude of kinase inhibitors targeting FGFR has been assiduously engineered to address the heterogeneous landscape of human malignancies.

PIK3CA mutation as an acquired resistance driver to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical challenges and opportunities.

Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly enhanced the treatment outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations. However, the occurrence of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is an unavoidable outcome observed in these patients. Disruption of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway can contribute to the emergence of resistance to EGFR TKIs in lung cancer.

Intratumoral microbiota: implications for cancer onset, progression, and therapy.

Significant advancements have been made in comprehending the interactions between the microbiome and cancer. However, prevailing research predominantly directs its focus toward the gut microbiome, affording limited consideration to the interactions of intratumoral microbiota and tumors. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the intratumoral microbiome and its associated products wield regulatory influence, directing the modulation of cancer cell properties and impacting immune system functionality.

Combining Radiotherapy with Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going?

Combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy as a treatment strategy for cervical cancer has attracted increasing attention. The primary objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the knowledge regarding the combined use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy for treating cervical cancer. This review discusses the biological rationale combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy in a clinical setting and presents supporting evidence for the combination strategy based on both safety and effectiveness data.

Phase separation in cancer at a glance.

Eukaryotic cells are segmented into multiple compartments or organelles within the cell that regulate distinct chemical and biological processes. Membrane-less organelles are membrane-less microscopic cellular compartments that contain protein and RNA molecules that perform a wide range of functions. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) can reveal how membrane-less organelles develop via dynamic biomolecule assembly.

Dietary intake of fructose increases purine synthesis: A crucial mechanism for hyperuricemia.

Background: Fructose consumption is a potential risk factor for hyperuricemia because uric acid (UA) is a byproduct of fructose metabolism caused by the rapid consumption of adenosine triphosphate and accumulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and other purine nucleotides. Additionally, a clinical experiment with four gout patients demonstrated that intravenous infusion of fructose increased the purine synthesis rate, which implied fructose-induced hyperuricemia might be related to purine nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, the mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key protein both involved in fructose metabolism and purine synthesis.

Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges and opportunities.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality globally, and its incidence is increasing. Immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma over the past few years. However, only a limited proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma respond to immunotherapy.

PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway and Its Role in Cancer Therapeutics: Are We Making Headway?

Cancer is a severe public health issue that is a leading cause of mortality globally. It is also an impediment to improving life expectancy worldwide. Furthermore, the global burden of cancer incidence and death is continuously growing.

Oncogenic Neuregulin 1 gene (NRG1) fusions in cancer: A potential new therapeutic opportunities.

It is widely established that chromosomal rearrangements induce oncogenesis in solid tumors. However, discovering chromosomal rearrangements that are targetable and actionable remains a difficulty. Targeting gene fusion or chromosomal rearrangement seems to be a powerful strategy to address malignancies characterized by gene rearrangement.

Circulating Tumor DNA and Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in Solid Tumors: Current Horizons and Future Perspectives.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragment in the bloodstream that originates from malignant tumors or circulating tumor cells. Recently, ctDNA has emerged as a promising non-invasive biomarker in clinical oncology. Analysis of ctDNA opens up new avenues for individualized cancer diagnosis and therapy in various types of tumors.

Atractyloside Protect Mice Against Liver Steatosis by Activation of Autophagy ANT-AMPK-mTORC1 Signaling Pathway.

: Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) can transport ADP from cytoplasm to mitochondrial matrix and provide raw materials for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. Dysfunction of ANT leads to limitation of ADP transport and decrease of ATP production. Atractyloside (ATR) is considered as a cytotoxic competitive inhibitor binding to ANT, making ANT vulnerable to transport ADP, and reduces ATP synthesis.

Relationship between gene expressions of aquaporin 3 and 4 and various degrees of spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome in chronic superficial gastritis.

Objective: To explore the relationship between gene expressions of aquaporin (AQP) 3 and 4 and various degrees of spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome in chronic superficial gastritis (CSG).

Methods: Twenty-four CSG patients were divided into three groups according to the degrees of spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome: mild, moderate and severe groups. There were 8 patients in each group, and another 8 healthy persons were selected as normal control.

[Study on correlation between aquaporin 3, 4 gene expression in gastric mucosa and severity of Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome in patients with chronic superficial gastritis].

Objective: To explore the relationship between aquaporin 3,4 (AQP3, AQP4) gene expression in gastric mucosa and severity of Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDHS) in patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG).

Methods: Gastric mucosa taken from the upper part of gastric corpus was collected under gastroscope and preserved in liquid nitrogen. The gene expression of AQP3 and AQP4 was determined quantitatively by fluorescent PCR.