Narrative Review of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Renal Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions.

Renal diseases, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are significant global health challenges. These conditions impair kidney function and can lead to serious complications, including cardiovascular diseases, which further exacerbate the public health burden. Currently, the global AKI mortality rate is alarmingly high (20%-50%); CKD is projected to emerge as a major global health burden by 2040.

Milk-derived exosomes in the regulation of nutritional and immune functions.

Milk-derived exosomes (MDEs), being a component of milk, have the potential to support immune system maturation in offspring and enhance immune cell proliferation. Through the transport and transmission of essential signaling molecules, MDEs contribute to the regulation of intergenerational and intraspecies communication, thereby impacting nutrient uptake and metabolic functions. A comprehensive comprehension of MDE functionalities is imperative for enhancing the quality of the dairy industry.

Effects of different hypoxia exposure on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice.

For many people living at high altitudes for long or short periods of time, hypoxia is a challenge affecting many aspects of the body, including the immune system. Recently, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as an immune cell population that plays an important role in several pathological conditions. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no data regarding the behavior of MDSCs under hypoxic conditions.

Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α could improve tumor progression.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a subset of immature myeloid cells that inhibit anti-tumor immunity and contribute to poor cancer outcomes. In this study, the authors used multi-color flow cytometry to detect changes in MDSCs in patients with cancer and tumor-bearing mice. Then the authors studied changes in MDSCs ratio and mouse tumors after administration of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor.

DATA in BRIEF of: Adaptative mechanisms indicated by placental protein expression changes in high-altitude Tibetan women during vaginal delivery.

Over a period of 30,000 to 40,000 years, high-altitude Tibetans have physiologically and genetically adapted to conditions such as hypoxia, low temperature, and high-intensity ultraviolet radiation. Based on the unique physiological and morphological characteristics of the Tibetan people, they have outstanding hypoxia adaptation skills and can continue to thrive in plateau hypoxia. The placenta of high-altitude Tibetans is protected from oxidative stress during delivery; however, little is known about changes in placental protein expression during vaginal delivery.

The role of neutrophils in chronic cough.

Chronic cough is a common disorder lasting more than 8 weeks and affecting all age groups. The evidence supporting the role of neutrophils in chronic cough pathology is based on many patients with chronic cough developing airway neutrophilia. How neutrophils influence the development of chronic cough is unknown.

Superoxide dismutase 1-modified dental pulp stem cells alleviate high-altitude pulmonary edema by inhibiting oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a deadly form of altitude sickness, and there is no effective treatment for HAPE. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cell isolated from dental pulp tissues and possess various functions, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress. DPSCs have been used to treat a variety of diseases, but there are no studies on treating HAPE.

The expression of CTLA-4 in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis patients and blocking CTLA-4 to reverse T cell exhaustion in -infected mice.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the infection of () larvae. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) produces inhibitory signals and induces T cell exhaustion, thereby inhibiting the parasiticidal efficacy of the liver immune system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how T-cell exhaustion contributes to AE and whether blocking CTLA-4 could reverse T cell exhaustion.

Alteration in the number, morphology, function, and metabolism of erythrocytes in high-altitude polycythemia.

High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a common chronic high-altitude disease characterized by significantly increased erythrocyte, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit values and decreased arterial oxygen saturation. The mechanisms underlying HAPC development are unclear; we aimed to investigate this in an HAPC rat model. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and HAPC groups.

[Research progress on the effect of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by hypoxia during pregnancy on preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction].

Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the fetus are the two most common pregnancy complications worldwide, affecting 5%-10% of pregnant women. Preeclampsia is associated with significantly increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia-induced uteroplacental dysfunction is now recognized as a key pathological factor in preeclampsia and IUGR.

Platelets in Renal Disease.

Kidney disease is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people. Nephrologists have shown interest in platelets because of coagulation disorders caused by renal diseases. With a better understanding of platelets, it has been found that these anucleate and abundant blood cells not only play a role in hemostasis, but also have important functions in inflammation and immunity.

Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a complicated vascular disorder characterized by diverse mechanisms that lead to elevated blood pressure in pulmonary circulation. Recent evidence indicates that HPH is not simply a pathological syndrome but is instead a complex lesion of cellular metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation driven by the reprogramming of gene expression patterns. One of the key mechanisms underlying HPH is hypoxia, which drives immune/inflammation to mediate complex vascular homeostasis that collaboratively controls vascular remodeling in the lungs.

Erythrocytes Display Metabolic Changes in High-Altitude Polycythemia.

Qile, Muge, Qiying Xu, Yi Ye, Huifang Liu, Drolma Gomchok, Juanli Liu, Tana Wuren, and Ri-Li Ge. Erythrocytes display metabolic changes in high-altitude polycythemia. .

Apoptosis is one cause of thrombocytopenia in patients with high-altitude polycythemia.

High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) can occur in individuals who are intolerant to high-altitude hypoxia. In patients with HAPC, erythrocytosis is often accompanied by a decrease in platelet count. Chronic hypoxia can increase the incidence of arteriovenous thrombosis and the risk of bleeding during antithrombotic treatment due to thrombocytopenia; therefore, understanding the cause of thrombocytopenia can reduce the risk of treatment-related bleeding.

Dynamic changes in myeloid-derived suppressor cells during the menstrual cycle: A pilot study.

Various studies have described the roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in pathological conditions, but relatively few have described them under normal physiological conditions. Accumulation of MDSCs is important creating an anti-inflammation environment, which is essential for fertilized egg implantation. This study was designed to record the dynamic changes in MDSC-like cells composition during the menstrual period (MP) and ovulation period (OP) in healthy volunteers over the course of a single menstrual cycle to explore the association between MDSCs and the menstrual cycle under normal physiological conditions.

Identification of a miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in Placental Tissue Associated With Tibetan High Altitude Adaptation.

The Tibetan population has lived and successfully reproduced at high altitude for many generations. Studies have shown that Tibetans have various mechanisms for protection against high-altitude hypoxia, which are probably due, at least in part, to placental adaptation. However, comprehensive analyses of placentas in Tibetans are lacking.

Enhanced Placental Mitochondrial Respiration in Tibetan Women at High Altitude.

Living at high altitudes is extremely challenging as it entails exposure to hypoxia, low temperatures, and high levels of UV radiation. However, the Tibetan population has adapted to such conditions on both a physiological and genetic level over 30,000-40,000 years. It has long been speculated that fetal growth restriction is caused by abnormal placental development.

Protective Effects from the Ischemic/Hypoxic Stress Induced by Labor in the High-Altitude Tibetan Placenta.

Labor and vaginal delivery cause acute ischemic/hypoxic insult to the placenta. Previous studies demonstrate that placentas from high altitude non-natives showed blunted responses to ischemic/hypoxic insult caused by labor and vaginal birth, and there were some differences in the ATP/ADP production ratio. We hypothesized that adapted highlanders would not have a stress response to the acute hypoxia/ischemia of labor.

The human platelet transcriptome and proteome is altered and pro-thrombotic functional responses are increased during prolonged hypoxia exposure at high altitude.

Exposure to hypoxia, through ascension to high altitudes (HAs), air travel, or human disease, is associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis in some settings. Mechanisms underpinning this increased thrombosis risk remain incompletely understood, and the effects of more sustained hypoxia on the human platelet molecular signature and associated functional responses have never been examined. We examined the effects of prolonged (≥2 months continuously) hypobaric hypoxia on platelets isolated from subjects residing at HA (3,700 meters) and, for comparison, matched subjects residing under normoxia conditions at sea level (50 meters).

The plasma level changes of VEGF and soluble VEGF receptor-1 are associated with high-altitude pulmonary edema.

Hypoxia-induced plasma levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 are responsible for increased vascular permeability occurred in both brain and pulmonary edema. Currently, it remains unclear the exact roles of VEGF and sFlt-1 in High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) pathogenesis. In this study, plasma levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 from 10 HAPE and 10 non-HAPE subjects were measured and compared.

Transcriptomic profiling reveals gene expression kinetics in patients with hypoxia and high altitude pulmonary edema.

Objective: High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life threatening condition occurring in otherwise healthy individuals who rapidly ascend to high altitude. However, the molecular mechanisms of its pathophysiology are not well understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate differential gene expression in patients with HAPE during acute illness and subsequent recovery.

[Effect of high altitude hypoxia on fetal development during pregnancy and the reason analysis].

High altitude hypoxia is an important factor to affect fetal development during pregnancy. In the special environment, maternal physiological functions are regulated to maintain the maternal and fetal homeostasis, so that limited oxygen is to meet the needs of fetal growth and development. In this review, the literatures about the effects of hypoxic environment on fetal development during pregnancy in recent years were summarized, in which the fetal growth characteristics, maternal physiological regulation, genetic and placental influencing factors in high altitude areas were involved.

Cerebral vasoconstriction reactions and plasma levels of ETBR, ET-1, and eNOS in patients with chronic high altitude disease.

The aim of the present study was to examine cerebral vasoconstriction in patients with chronic high altitude disease [cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR)], and to evaluate differences in alterations of brain vascular contractile reactivity of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) patients and healthy controls. Alterations of endothelin (ET) and its receptor, as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in the plasma were examined to determine the cerebral reservation capacities in CMS patients. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound and carbon dioxide analysis methods were used to detect the CVR variances.

[Pilot study on the differences of young male's sleep structure and quality between indigenous Tibetans and longtime Han residents in high altitude area].

Objective: To compare young males' sleep quality and structure between native Tibetans and longtime Han residents.

Methods: A total of 14 male Tibetans and 11 male Hans at an altitude of 3 780 m were enrolled in this study. Tibetans were native highlanders with a mean age of (32.