Applied Anatomy of the Lower Eyelid Preseptal Space for Treating Ectropion and Retraction with Soft-Tissue Fillers.

Background: Lower eyelid malposition can result from age-related changes, such as ectropion, or postsurgical changes, such as retraction after lower lid blepharoplasty. The current accepted treatment is surgical, but soft-tissue fillers have been used as well, with good outcome. The underlying anatomy, which is incompletely described, would be useful information for practitioners desiring to provide minimally invasive injections of the lower eyelid.

Gravity in Midfacial Aging: A 3-Dimensional Study.

Background: Volume loss and volume descent are complementary aspects of facial aging, although the respective contribution of each is unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify in 3 dimensions the effects of gravity on the midface in both upright and supine positions in an older and a younger group of patients.

Methods: A prospective study was undertaken of 53 female patients who had not undergone treatment with dermal fillers or facial cosmetic surgery.

Observations on the Tear Trough.

Background: The tear trough is a prominent structure of the midface. Many surgical and nonsurgical techniques have been devised to efface this feature.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to define an aesthetically pleasing tear trough and understand the effect of various surgical procedures on its appearance.

Investigation of the Longevity of the Endoscopic Midface Lift.

Importance: To our knowledge, until now, the efficacy and durability of the transtemporal endoscopic preperiosteal midface lift has not been reported in the literature.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and longevity of the endoscopic preperiosteal midface lift using objective measurements and validated aesthetic scales.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective review included patients 18 years or older who were treated for aging midface by endoscopic midface lift by the senior author (A.

Subtle Eyelid Retraction after Lower Blepharoplasty.

Background: Lower blepharoplasty is one of the commonest cosmetic surgeries performed in the United States. The delicate balance of the lower eyelid may be detrimentally altered in lower blepharoplasty, leading to lower eyelid retraction with the attendant functional and cosmetic consequences. Marginal reflex distance-2 (MRD2) is an insensitive measure for subtle lower eyelid retraction, and the MRD2 at the lateral limbus (MRD2) and tarsal marginal show (TMS) may be more sensitive in identifying eyelid retraction and eversion.

Objective Comparison of Nasojugal Fold Depth and Lower Eyelid Length After Fat Excision Versus Fat Transpositional Lower Blepharoplasty.

Background: Lower blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic surgeries in the world. However, there are no studies to directly compare patients who had fat excision vs fat transposition.

Objectives: The authors sought to compare and contrast aesthetic results of fat excisional and fat transpositional lower blepharoplasty.

Phi, Fat, and the Mathematics of a Beautiful Midface.

Purpose: The Golden ratio, or Phi, has been used to explain the substrates of two-dimensional beauty utilizing the faces of models. A "Phi point" has been identified at the apex of the cheek mound that can be targeted in filler injections. The authors report herein how they have applied this algorithm for surgical shaping of the "beautiful" cheek as a routine part of their lower blepharoplasty procedure.

Quantification of the Aesthetically Desirable Female Midface Position.

Background: The purpose of this study was to attempt to determine a reliable method of evaluating midface position. We assessed a novel parameter called WIZDOM (Width of the Interzygomatic Distance of the Midface) and its relationship to other facial metrics.

Objectives: The goal was to evaluate midfacial position quantitatively in women by examining 2-dimensional photographs of a subset of women with idealized facial proportions.

Orbicularis Retaining Ligament Release in Lower Blepharoplasty: Assessing Efficacy and Complications.

Purpose: Release of the orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL) has been advocated as a technique to address tear trough deformities. This study sought to compare the effectiveness and morbidity of lower blepharoplasty with and without ORL release.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 53 lower blepharoplasty patients.

The Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in Postoperative Recovery from Eyelid Surgery.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative intense pulsed light therapy on patients who undergo bilateral eyelid surgery.

Methods: Patients presenting over a 3-month period for bilateral eyelid surgery were asked to participate in an institutional review board-approved study. Intense pulsed light therapy was administered three times to the same randomly assigned side on postoperative days 1 to 2, 5 to 7, and 10 to 12.