Research progress on pyroptosis and its effect on the central nervous system.

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory and lysis type of programmed cell death. In the canonical pyroptosis signaling pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome activates inflammatory caspase-1, which then shears cut the executor protein GSDMD. The N domains of GSDMD move to heterogeneous membranes, form pores, and release inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, causing cell membrane swelling and rupture.

Screening of Cancer-Specific Biomarkers for Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on a Proteome Microarray.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with one of the highest mortality rates among cancers, rendering its early diagnosis clinically invaluable. Serum biomarkers, specifically alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), represent the most promising and widely used diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. However, its detection rate is low in the early stages of HCC progression, and distinguishing specific false positives for other liver-related diseases, such as cirrhosis and acute hepatitis, remains challenging.

A prospective cohort-based artificial intelligence evaluation system for the protective efficacy and immune response of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines.

Background: Novel coronaviruses constitute a significant health threat, prompting the adoption of vaccination as the primary preventive measure. However, current evaluations of immune response and vaccine efficacy are deemed inadequate.

Objectives: The study sought to explore the evolving dynamics of immune response at various vaccination time points and during breakthrough infections.

A prognostic model for SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection: Analyzing a prospective cellular immunity cohort.

Background: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have identified several prevalent characteristics, especially related to lymphocyte subsets. However, limited research is available on the focus of this study, namely, the specific memory cell subsets among individuals who received COVID-19 vaccine boosters and subsequently experienced a SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.

Methods: Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to investigate the early and longitudinal pattern changes of cellular immunity in patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections following COVID-19 vaccine boosters.

Proteome microarray identifies autoantibody biomarkers for diagnosis of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the highest mortality rate among malignant tumors worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the biological characteristics of serum proteins in hepatitis B (HBV)-related liver diseases, identify diagnostic biomarkers for HBV-infected HCC, and provide a scientific basis for its prevention and treatment.

Materials And Methods: We used HuProt arrays to identify candidate biomarkers for HBV-related liver diseases and verified the differential biomarkers by using an HCC-focused array.

Metformin combined with rapamycin ameliorates podocyte injury in idiopathic membranous nephropathy through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Autophagy activation protects against podocyte injury in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). The AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway is a vital autophagy regulatory pathway. Metformin promotes autophagy, whereas rapamycin is an autophagy agonist.

Aluminum exposure induces central nervous system impairment via activating NLRP3-medicated pyroptosis pathway.

Purpose: Aluminum is an environmental toxicant whose long-term exposure is closely associated with nervous system impairment. This study mainly investigated neurological impairment induced by subchronic aluminum exposure via activating NLRP3-medicated pyroptosis pathway.

Methods: In vivo, Kunming mice were exposed to AlCl (30.

Aluminum induces neuroinflammation via P2X7 receptor activating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Introduction: Aluminum is everywhere in nature and is a recognized neurotoxicant closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation occurs in the early stage of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying mechanism by which aluminum induces neuroinflammation remains unclear.

Material And Methods: A 3-month subchronic aluminum exposure mouse model was established by drinking water containing aluminum chloride (AlCl).

Metformin alleviates the cognitive impairment caused by aluminum by improving energy metabolism disorders in mice.

Long-term exposure to environmental aluminum was found to be related to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Energy metabolism disorders, one of the pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases, may occur in the early stage of the disease and are of potential intervention significance. Here, sub-chronic aluminum exposure mouse model was established, and metformin was used to intervene.

Resveratrol alleviates aluminum-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice.

Background: Aluminum is mainly exposed to the general population through food and water, and is absorbed into the systemic circulation through intestine, which in turn damages the intestinal barrier.

Methods: The mice model of subchronic exposure to aluminum chloride (AlCl ) was established via oral. Tail suspension test was used to detect depressive behavior.

Aluminum induced intestinal dysfunction via mechanical, immune, chemical and biological barriers.

Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the Earth's crust, which exists naturally in the form of aluminum compounds. Aluminum is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, which varies with different aluminum compounds. During this process, aluminum could induce the disruption of intestinal mucosa barrier.

Aluminum impairs cognitive function by activating DDX3X-NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis signaling pathway.

Introduction: Aluminum is a kind of chemical contaminants in food which can induce neurotoxicity. Aluminum exposure is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases (ND), in which neuroinflammation might involve. However, the molecular mechanism of aluminum-induced neuroinflammation through pyroptosis is not fully clarified yet.