Inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine preconditioning on overload training-induced myocardial apoptosis in rats.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine (Tet) preconditioning on overload training-induced myocardial apoptosis in rats, and to explore cardioprotective mechanisms of Tet preconditioning.

Methods: A total of 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, including the control group (n=5), the overload training group (overload training for 8 weeks, n=10), and the Tet preconditioning group (Tet preconditioning for 8 weeks before overload training, n=10). After 8 weeks, cardiac structure and myocardial apoptosis were analyzed by histology, transmission electron microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay staining.

The effects of a breastfeeding self-efficacy intervention on short-term breastfeeding outcomes among primiparous mothers in Wuhan, China.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of a breastfeeding intervention on primiparous mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding duration and exclusivity at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum.

Background: Few studies have examined the effects of breastfeeding self-efficacy on improved breastfeeding outcomes among primiparous mothers in China.

Design: An experimental pre-test and posttest, two-group design was used in the study.