[Investigating the Pollutants of Marine Shipping Emissions Along the East China Sea by Combining in-situ Measurements and Automatic Identification System].

Marine shipping emissions have important impacts on air quality and climate. This type of anthropogenic emission remains largely unclear due to complex vessel types and activities. A coastal site near the Ningbo-Zhoushan port along the East China Sea was selected for this study, representing one of the hotspot regions globally with the most intensive shipping activities, in combination with vessels for both domestic and international transportation.

Effects of ultrasound on invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei mortality and tissue lesions.

Biofouling by the invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei deleteriously affects artificial water systems, but few effective, environmentally friendly antifouling strategies exist. We propose ultrasound for control of this invasive mussel and report minimum exposure times to kill juveniles and adults at ultrasonic powers ranging 300-600 W from a fixed distance of 8.5 cm.

[Effects of Reduced Water and Diurnal Warming on Winter-Wheat Biomass and Soil Respiration].

Field experiments were conducted in winter wheat-growing season to investigate the effect of reduced water and diurnal warming on wheat biomass and soil respiration. The experimental treatments included the control (CK), 30% reduced water (W), diurnal warming (T, enhanced 2 degrees C), and the combined treatment (TW, 30% reduced water plus diurnal warming 2 degrees C). Soil respiration rate was measured using a static chamber-gas chromatograph technique.

[Impacts of elevated ozone concentration on N2O emission from arid farmland].

To investigate the impact of elevated surface ozone (O3) concentration on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from arid farmland, field experiments were carried out during winter-wheat and soybean growing seasons under the condition of simulating O3 concentrations, including free air (CK), 100 nL x L(-1) O3 concentration (T1), and 150 nL x L(-1) O3 concentration (T2). N2O emission fluxes were measured by static dark chamber-gas chromatograph method. The results showed that the accumulative amount of N2O (AAN) were decreased by 37.

[Effects of conservation tillage on soil CO2 and N2O emission during the following winter-wheat season].

In order to study the effect of conservation tillage on soil CO2 and N2O emissions in the following crop-growing season, field experiments were conducted in the winter wheat-growing season. Four treatments were conventional tillage (T), no-tillage with no straw cover (NT), no-tillage with straw cover (NTS), and conventional tillage with straw incorporation (TS), respectively. The CO2 and N2O fluxes were measured using a static chamber-gas chromatograph technique.