Efficient Desulfurizer Recycling during Spent Lead-Acid Batteries Paste Disposal by Zero-Carbon Precursor Hypothermic Smelting.

Recycling of spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) is extremely urgent in view of environmental protection and resources reuse. The current challenge is to reduce high consumption of chemical reagents. Herein, a closed-loop spent LABs paste (SLBP) recovery strategy is demonstrated through NaMoO consumption-regeneration-reuse.