Management of deep sacral and ischial pressure injuries with free-style local perforator flaps: A D+P+DPD model.

Background: Previous reports on the treatment of sacral and ischial pressure injuries have not provided clear algorithms for surgical therapies. The objective of this study was to establish a reconstruction algorithm to guide the selection of an ideal free-style perforator flap that can be tailored to the defect in question.

Methods: We used 23 perforator flaps to reconstruct 14 sacral and 8 ischial defects in 22 patients over 5 years.

A modified perforator-based stepladder V-Y advancement flap in the Achilles tendon area for coverage of larger posterior heel defects.

Background: Posterior heel defect coverage is challenging because of the paucity of suitable flaps. The traditional local stepladder V-Y advancement flap is recommended only for small defects because of the lack of an axial pedicle. This study reports our experience of using the perforator-based stepladder V-Y advancement flaps in a larger posterior heel defect repair.

Vision loss due to uncommon "red eye": A case report.

Rationale: Phacolytic glaucoma is a rare complication induced by hypermature cataracts and may occasionally be encountered in some rural areas. It tends to be misdiagnosed and induces a risk of permanent vision impairment.

Patient Concerns: A 63-year-old Uighur woman complained of redness and decreased vision in her right eye and was treated for endophthalmitis at a primary hospital before being referred to our hospital.

A new skin flap from the zygomaticotemporal region: Anatomical study and clinical application to eyelid reconstruction.

Background: Eyelid reconstruction is a demanding task faced by plastic surgeons. Island flaps from the zygomaticotemporal region, where the zygomatico-orbital artery predominates in vascularization, represent the recent local approaches to this problem. Questions exist as to where and on what element the flap should be based, and whether or not they should be adapted in relation to the behavior of the zygomatico-orbital artery.

Flap failure prediction in microvascular tissue reconstruction using machine learning algorithms.

Background: Microvascular tissue reconstruction is a well-established, commonly used technique for a wide variety of the tissue defects. However, flap failure is associated with an additional hospital stay, medical cost burden, and mental stress. Therefore, understanding of the risk factors associated with this event is of utmost importance.

The effect of inhibiting exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway on the fibrosis of keloid fibroblasts.

Background: The main mechanism of keloid formation is that keloid fibroblasts (KFs) apoptosis is inhibited, leading to excessive proliferation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key signal molecule in the process of regulating cell fibrosis. This paper discusses the effect of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSCs-EXO) on the proliferation and apoptosis of KFS and its possible mechanism, in order to provide reference for the clinical intervention of hypertrophic scar.

Lateral calcaneal artery perforator-based skin flaps for coverage of lower-posterior heel defects.

Background: Perforator-based flaps have been explored across almost all of the lower leg except in the Achilles tendon area. This paper introduced a perforator flap sourced from this area with regard to its anatomic basis and clinical applications.

Methods: Twenty-four adult cadaver legs were dissected to investigate the perforators emerging along the lateral edge of the Achilles tendon in terms of number and location relative to the tip of the lateral malleolus, and distribution.