Reprogramming of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts via IGF2-mediated autophagy promotes metastasis of lung cancer cells.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major component of stromal cells. Growing evidence suggests that CAFs promote tumor growth and metastasis; however, the reprogramming of normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs by tumor cells still remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells activated NFs into CAFs via autophagy induction.

Vision transformer-equipped Convolutional Neural Networks for automated Alzheimer's disease diagnosis using 3D MRI scans.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative ailment that is becoming increasingly common, making it a major worldwide health concern. Effective care depends on an early and correct diagnosis, but traditional diagnostic techniques are frequently constrained by subjectivity and expensive costs. This study proposes a novel Vision Transformer-equipped Convolutional Neural Networks (VECNN) that uses three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging to improve diagnosis accuracy.

Human blood metabolites and gastric cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the predominant malignant tumors within the digestive tract, yet its underlying biological mechanisms remain elusive. The primary objective of this study is to delineate the causal relationship between circulating metabolites and GC.

Method: The primary Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was based on three large GWAS datasets.

Impact of immunosuppressants on tumor pulmonary metastasis: new insight into transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Pulmonary metastasis is a life-threatening complication for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver transplantation (LT). In addition to the common mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis, another inevitable factor is that the application of immunosuppressive agents, including calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and rapamycin inhibitors (mTORis), after transplantation could influence tumor recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, several studies have reported that mTORis, unlike CNIs, have the capacity to modulate the tumorigenic landscape post-liver transplantation by targeting metastasis-initiating cells and reshaping the pulmonary microenvironment.

Solvent-Controlled Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinolines through Pd/C-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.

A Pd/C-catalyzed dehydrogenative [3 + 2] cycloaddition is described for the diastereoswitchable synthesis of hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinolines by altering solvents. The reaction proceeds through a sequential Pd/C-catalyzed dehydrogenative formation of azomethine ylides from tetrahydroisoquinoline acetates and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with 2-nitroethenylbenzenes. This method displayed tunable diastereoselectivity, a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.

Clinical characteristics and biomarkers of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis triggered by immunotherapy followed by radiation: a case report.

Background: The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for tumor patients, dramatically improving survival rate. However, patients treated with immunotherapy are inevitably at risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is an important type of IrAEs with a potentially lethal risk, which should be given more attention.

Advancing healthcare through multimodal data fusion: a comprehensive review of techniques and applications.

With the increasing availability of diverse healthcare data sources, such as medical images and electronic health records, there is a growing need to effectively integrate and fuse this multimodal data for comprehensive analysis and decision-making. However, despite its potential, multimodal data fusion in healthcare remains limited. This review paper provides an overview of existing literature on multimodal data fusion in healthcare, covering 69 relevant works published between 2018 and 2024.

Progress in Catalysts for Formic Acid Production by Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.

Utilising renewable energy to drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into more valuable products can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and protect the environment while actively responding to the policy of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". Additionally, formic acid/formate is one of the most promising and commercially valuable products of the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (ECORR) as well as a nonhazardous material for hydrogen storage. With the continuous progress in the field of electrocatalytic CO reduction to formic acid/formate (ECORF), various electrocatalysts with excellent performance have been developed.

Highly flexible hybrid devices enabled by Ag-decorated ZnCoO electrodes.

Electrode materials with excellent performance are the basis for designing supercapacitors with outstanding stability and high specific capacitance. In this work, we prepared a type of ZnCoO nanosheet structure with Ag nanoparticles through a multi-step hydrothermal strategy. The as-fabricated composite presented a specific capacity of 2540 F g at 1 A g due to the synergetic effect of its components and structure.

Environmentally-Friendly Europium-Based Yellow Perovskite Nanocrystals with Near-Unit Efficiency for White LED.

Recently, Mn-doped metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been extensively studied as they can improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) with minimal self-absorption. However, almost all of them with high efficiency are Pb/Cd-based toxic heavy metal perovskites, which seriously limits their commercial applications. To address the dual needs of high efficiency and environmental protection, this study proposes to incorporate Mn into the environmentally friendly perovskite CsEuX (X = Cl/Br), and further increases PLQY to 96.

Quantitative study on objective indicators for assessing motion sickness susceptibility based on Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex experiments.

Motion sickness (MS) is a common physiological response that often occurs when individuals are exposed to environments with repeated acceleration stimuli. MS results from a mismatch between the vestibular system and visual and proprioceptive inputs. As a crucial organ for sensing acceleration stimuli, the vestibular system is closely related to the onset of MS.

Development of a Frailty Prediction Model Among Older Adults in China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Aims: To identify the risk factors associated with frailty among older adults in China and develop a predictive model for assessing their frailty risk.

Design: Secondary cross-sectional analysis.

Methods: The 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) provided data for this study.

Iodide Ion-Promoted Highly Regioselective Triazolization of Aldehydes via Desulfonation-Associated Direct Radical Coupling.

A highly efficient iodide ion (I)-promoted method for direct α-C(sp)-H triazolization of aldehydes has been developed for the regioselective synthesis of -substituted triazole derivatives. The developed method features the corresponding products in good yields (up to 99%) with an excellent functional group tolerance via an intermolecular oxidative radical coupling. Experimental mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction proceeds via an I-promoted synergistic desulfonylation process, which provides a high regioselectivity.

How microplastics affect sludge pyrolysis behavior: Thermogravimetry-mass spectrum analysis and biochar characteristics.

The concentration of microplastics (MPs) in sewage sludge (SS) ranged from 1600 to 56400 particles per kilogram of dried SS (MPs: dried SS = 0.14-5.09), so its effect on SS pyrolysis performance should not be negligible.

Iatrogenic Injury Recapitulated: Electroexcision Technique for Urethral Stricture Modeling in Rats.

Urethral stricture (US) is a common clinical condition in urology, characterized by high prevalence and morbidity across all ages. Current treatments for US, such as urethral dilatation and internal urethrotomy, fail to fully resolve the condition and are associated with high rates of recurrence and complications. Additionally, the pathogenesis of US is not well understood.

Regulating oxygen vacancies in ammonium vanadate electrode materials for advanced aqueous zinc ion batteries.

In the past decade, vanadates have attracted one's attention as the electrode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Nevertheless, their structural instability and sluggish ion/electron dynamics lead to an inevitable decline in the electrochemical performance. To address these issues, we introduce oxygen vacancies into NHVO nanosheets to improve the ion transport rate during the electrochemical reaction.

Chirality-Mediated 1D-to-2D Phase Transition in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites.

Dimensionality engineering plays a pivotal role in optimizing the performance, ensuring long-term stability, and expanding the versatile applications of lead halide perovskites (LHPs). Currently, the manipulation of LHP dimensions primarily occurs during the synthesis stage, a procedure hampered by constraints, including synthetic complexity and irreversibility. This investigation successfully achieved a transition from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) structures in chiral LHPs by applying hydrostatic pressure.

A Janus hydrogel that enables wet tissue adhesion and resists abdominal adhesions.

Hydrogels have indeed achieved significant advancements, yet their clinical translation has been hampered by their inherent limitations in wet adhesion properties. Furthermore, the design of adhesive hydrogels that can resist postoperative adhesions remains an intricate challenge. In this study, we introduce a Janus hydrogel (JGP) that offers a novel approach to address these challenges.

In-situ induced formation of Fe-OM association in soil: Theory and practice of remediation of cadmium contaminated paddy fields in high cadmium geological background areas.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in rice paddies, attributable to high geological Cd backgrounds, has emerged as a global concern. This study leverages the passivation mechanism of bioavailable Cd by iron-organic matter associations (Fe-OM) to explore a novel strategy for Cd immobilization. We examined the adsorptive capacity and removal efficiency of Cd by laccase-mediated Fe-OM association and assessed their natural stability using Fe isotopic tracing.

Elucidation on Abnormal Capacity Increase in SiO@C Core-Shell Nanospheres Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery.

An abnormal capacity increase stage has been observed in nanostructured SiO after the initial capacity drop stage. To investigate the Li storage kinetic mechanism for each stage, SiO@C core-shell nanospheres with a total diameter of ∼108 to 170 nm but an adjustable C shell thickness of ∼4 to 31 nm have been fabricated. First, the existence form and specific content of SiO nanoparticles with a size of ∼6-10 nm, which are embedded in the outer C shell of SiO@C core-shell nanospheres, were confirmed by SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA, respectively.

Integrative analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveals sphingolipid metabolism and immune landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by its aggressive behavior and complex molecular heterogeneity, posing significant challenges for treatment and prognostication. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of ccRCC by leveraging both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data, with a specific aim to unravel the complexities of sphingolipid metabolism and the intricate dynamics within the tumor microenvironment (TME). By examining ccRCC samples sourced from public databases, our investigation delves deep into the genetic and transcriptomic landscape of this cancer type.

A nationwide study of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils and the soil-grown black morel Morchella sextelata in China.

The accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in soil-grown mushrooms poses potential health risks. Morchella sextelata (black morel) is a typical soil-grown mushroom with a rapidly expanding cultivation area. This study investigated the distribution of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, and zinc in 213 pairs of soil and morel samples collected from 29 provincial administrative regions in China, together with the nutritional contents in the morel samples.