Effects of Dietary Zearalenone on Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Tight Junction in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp ().

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a prevalent mycotoxin with high toxicity in animals. In order to study its effect on juvenile grass carp (), six diets supplemented with different levels of ZEA (0, 535, 1041, 1548, 2002, and 2507 μg/kg diet) for 10 weeks were studied to assess its toxicity on intestinal structural integrity and potential mechanisms of action. Our report firstly proved that ZEA led to growth retardation and body deformity, and impaired the intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp, as revealed by the following findings: (1) ZEA accumulated in the intestine and caused histopathological lesions; (2) ZEA resulted in oxidative injury, apoptosis, and breached tight junctions in the fish intestine, which were probably associated with Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathways, respectively.

Results from the randomized controlled IHOPE trial suggest no effects of oral protein supplementation and exercise training on physical function in hemodialysis patients.

Few long-term studies have assessed whether changes in both diet and exercise can improve the health and quality of life (QOL) of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Here we examined whether 12 months of intradialytic protein supplementation and endurance exercise improves physical function, risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and QOL in HD patients in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 138 HD patients (average age 58 years) were assigned for 12 months to control, intradialytic protein, or protein plus exercise groups.

Dietary tryptophan affects growth performance, digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related gene expression of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂).

The 56-day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on growth performance, digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related genes expression of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). A total of 864 hybrid catfish (21.82 ± 0.

Impact and consequences of dietary riboflavin deficiency treatment on flesh quality loss in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Fish is among the cheapest and most promising sources of animal protein. The main edible portion of fish is muscle. This study explored the impact of dietary riboflavin on fish flesh quality and showed the possible role of muscle antioxidant defense in flesh quality in relation to dietary riboflavin.

Metastatic patterns and surgical methods for lymph nodes No. 5 and No. 6 in proximal gastric cancer.

Objective: The current surgical treatment guidelines for early proximal gastric cancer (PGC) still lack agreement. Lymphadenectomy of lymph nodes No. 5 and No.

[Short-term water changes response of saponin biosynthesis process in Astragalus membranceus].

The study is aimed to explore the effect of different water on the content of total saponins,astragaloside Ⅳ and gene expression in the growth of Astragalus membranceus. In this study, one-year-old A. membranaceus was used as the experimental material, by pot culture different water treatments were simulated at herbal garden in Jilin Agricultural University.

The mevalonate coordinates energy input and cell proliferation.

The mevalonate pathway is known for the synthesis of cholesterol, but recent studies have reported that it also controls Hippo signaling, which is critical for the regulation of organ size and tumorigenesis. Here, we discover that the suppression of the mevalonate pathway inhibits the growth and proliferation of colon cancer cell lines. The results of transcriptomic and proteomic assays suggested that the mevalonate pathway controls multiple signaling pathways relevant to cell proliferation, and the results were further confirmed using western blot, PCR, and immunofluorescence assays.

Apelin-13 attenuates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage via suppressing neuronal apoptosis through the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling.

Apelin, an endogenous ligand for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor APJ, possesses anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective properties. It has been shown to be a protective factor for different types of central nervous system insults, such as ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Here, we investigated the effects of apelin-13 on early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.

Lovastatin attenuates angiotensin II induced cardiovascular fibrosis through the suppression of YAP/TAZ signaling.

Angiotensin II (ANG II) is associated with fibrosis in both clinical and basic studies. Thus, we aimed to explore a mechanism by which ANG II induces fibrosis. 5 μM of ANG II was used in the in vitro study.

Effects of carbon sources and operation modes on the performances of aerobic denitrification process and its microbial community shifts.

Carbon source, operation mode and microbial species have great effects on the synthesis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) which has been identified as the key issue for aerobic denitrification process. In this study, an aerobic denitrification SBR was operated under anoxic/oxic mode and completely oxic mode with the carbon source of CHCOON and CHCHCHCOON, respectively. Total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies, PHB content in activated sludge, production of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (NO) of the process were investigated in great detail.

Mitophagy Reduces Oxidative Stress Via Keap1 (Kelch-Like Epichlorohydrin-Associated Protein 1)/Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor-E2-Related Factor 2)/PHB2 (Prohibitin 2) Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

Background and Purpose- Mitoquinone has been reported as a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant to promote mitophagy in various chronic diseases. Here, our aim was to study the role of mitoquinone in mitophagy activation and oxidative stress-induced neuronal death reduction after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. Methods- Endovascular perforation was used for SAH model of male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Mitoquinone attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption through Nrf2/PHB2/OPA1 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Background And Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the mechanism of early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Blood-brain barrier disruption is a devastating outcome in the early stage of SAH. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of a mitochondria-related drug Mitoquinone (MitoQ) in blood-brain barrier disruption after SAH in rats.

Vitamin A deficiency impairs intestinal physical barrier function of fish.

The present study was the first to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin A (VA) on the intestinal physical barrier function associated with oxidation, antioxidant system, apoptosis and cell-cellular tight junction (TJ) in the proximal (PI), mid (MI) and distal (DI) intestines of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed graded levels of dietary VA for 10 weeks, and then a challenge test using an injection of Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted for 14 days. Results indicated that dietary VA deficiency caused oxidative damage to fish intestine partly by the reduced non-enzymatic antioxidant components glutathione (GSH) and VA contents as well as reduced antioxidant enzyme activities [not including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)].

Rh-IFN-α attenuates neuroinflammation and improves neurological function by inhibiting NF-κB through JAK1-STAT1/TRAF3 pathway in an experimental GMH rat model.

Neuroinflammation occurs after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) and induces secondary brain injury. Interferon-α (IFN-α) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in infectious diseases via activating IFNAR and its downstream signaling. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Recombinant human IFN-α (rh-IFN-α) and the underlying mechanisms in a rat GMH model.

LRP1 activation attenuates white matter injury by modulating microglial polarization through Shc1/PI3K/Akt pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

White matter injury (WMI) is associated with motor deficits and cognitive dysfunctions in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Therapeutic strategy targeting WMI would likely improve the neurological outcomes after SAH. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), a scavenger receptor of apolipoprotein E (apoE), is able to modulate microglia polarization towards anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes during inflammatory and oxidative insult.

Soybean isoflavones improve the health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties of grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella).

Health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties were analysed after feeding grass carp graded concentrations of soybean isoflavones (SIF) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg) for 60 days. The results demonstrated that optimal dietary SIF supplementation improved the protein and total PUFA content, especially healthcare n-3 PUFA (C18: 3n-3, EPA and DHA), and increased the flavour-related free amino acid [especially umami amino acid] and 5'-inosine monophosphate content, improving the health benefits and flavour quality indicators in the muscle of grass carp. In addition, optimal dietary SIF supplementation (25 or 50 mg SIF/kg diet) enhanced some physical properties [water-holding capacity and tenderness] and increased the collagen content; however, it reduced cathepsin activity and apoptosis.

Genotoxicity effects of Phanerochaete chrysosporium against harmful algal bloom species by micronucleus test and comet assay.

Algal blooms and toxins have become serious ecological problems. White-rot fungi have been demonstrated to be a feasible means of control, but the genotoxicity mechanisms involved have not been reported. In this study, Cryptomonas obovata FACHB-1301, Oscillatoria sp.

Impairing of gill health through decreasing immune function and structural integrity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed graded levels dietary lipids after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare.

The current study conducted to investigate the hypothesis that low or excess levels of lipids increased the gill rot morbidity through impairing the immune function and structural integrity in the gill of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp with an average initial weight of 261.41 ± 0.

[Regulation of VPS28 gene knockdown on the milk fat synthesis in Chinese Holstein dairy].

In a previous genome-wide association study on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein population, we discovered VPS28 gene was highly expressed in mammary gland tissue. Further, a -58C>T mutantion at the 5°-UTR of the gene was significantly associated with milk fat content traits. However, its regulation on milk fat content is still uncertain.

Targeting mast cell as a neuroprotective strategy.

: Mast cells (MCs) are perivascularly located immune cells of haematopoietic origin. Emerging evidences suggest that the activation of MCs play important roles in the pathogenesis of blood brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. : In this review, we aimed to discuss the detrimental effects of MCs in response to various types of brain injury, as well as the therapeutic potential and neuroprotective effects of targeting the activation and degranulation of MCs, particularly in the management of the acute phase.

Dietary gossypol reduced intestinal immunity and aggravated inflammation in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

The present study explored the effects of dietary gossypol on the gut health of on-growing grass carp. The fish were fed six diets containing different levels of free gossypol (0, 121.38, 243.

Palliative gastrectomy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for incurable advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Whether palliative gastrectomy combined with chemotherapy can improve the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify whether palliative gastrectomy plus chemotherapy can benefit patients with incurable advanced gastric cancer and to explore the best candidates in this patient population.

Methods: We searched the literature systematically using electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.

Observation of Van Hove Singularities and Temperature Dependence of Electrical Characteristics in Suspended Carbon Nanotube Schottky Barrier Transistors.

A Van Hove singularity (VHS) is a singularity in the phonon or electronic density of states of a crystalline solid. When the Fermi energy is close to the VHS, instabilities will occur, which can give rise to new phases of matter with desirable properties. However, the position of the VHS in the band structure cannot be changed in most materials.

Protective effects of astaxanthin on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury: Reduction of cerebral vasospasm and improvement of neuron survival and mitochondrial function.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin on early brain injury (EBI) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats and to explore possible molecular mechanisms. Experimental SAH model was introduced in adult male SD rats by injecting autologous arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. Astaxanthin (75 mg/kg bodyweight) or olive oil was administered by oral gavage at 3 h after SAH.

Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Tiny Intracranial Aneurysms with Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Device.

Background: Ruptured tiny intracranial aneurysms (TIAs) have been challenging both for endovascular and neurosurgical interventions. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device in the treatment of ruptured TIAs (rTIAs).

Material And Methods: Among 761 intracranial aneurysms which were treated either surgically or endovascularly, 32 rTIAs underwent stent-assisted coiling with LVIS device between 2014 and 2017.