Dietary Patterns and Fibre Intake Are Associated with Disease Activity in Australian Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploratory Dietary Pattern Analysis.

Background: Few studies have explored the relationship between habitual dietary patterns and disease activity in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This cross-sectional study explored the association between dietary patterns and clinical and objective markers of inflammation in adults from the Australian IBD Microbiome Study.

Methods: Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) of baseline food frequency questionnaire data.

Hepatic Steatosis Analysis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Based on Artificial Intelligence.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, excluding excessive alcohol consumption and other known causes of liver injury. Animal models are often used to explore different pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of MASLD. The aim of this study is to apply an artificial intelligence (AI) system based on second-harmonic generation (SHG)/two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) technology to automatically assess the dynamic patterns of hepatic steatosis in MASLD mouse models.

Synergistic Remediation of Cadmium Pollution in Saline-Alkali Soil by Hydrogel and .

The cadmium (Cd) in saline-alkali soil poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. , as a hyperaccumulator plant, can remediate Cd in saline-alkali soil, but the efficiency of phytoremediation is low. To improve the remediation effect of Cd pollution in saline-alkali soil, this study for the first time uses the synergy of hydrogel and for the remediation of Cd in saline-alkali soil.

Dynamic ultrasound-based modeling predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer.

Early prediction of patient responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is essential for the precision treatment of early breast cancer (EBC). Therefore, this study aims to noninvasively and early predict pathological complete response (pCR). We used dynamic ultrasound (US) imaging changes acquired during NACT, along with clinicopathological features, to create a nomogram and construct a machine learning model.

Coffee and tea consumption and glioma risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Background: Research on the association between glioma risk and coffee and tea consumption remains inconclusive. This study seeks to present a meta-analysis of the relationship between coffee and tea intake and glioma risk.

Method: Relevant cohort studies that collected coffee and tea exposure prospectively were identified through searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases.

Inter-year consistencies and discrepancies on intestinal microbiota for overwintering relict gulls: correlations with food composition and implications for environmental adaptation.

The gut microbiota of migratory birds is influenced by their food choices, and exploring the potential relationship between diet composition and gut microbiota can help better protect related species. By integrating non-invasive sampling techniques, high-throughput sequencing technology, and microscopic examination technology, this study presents the first evidence on diet composition during overwintering periods as well as the potential relationship between diet composition and gut microbiota in wild relict gulls (). Thirty-five fecal samples from two consecutive overwintering periods (2021 and 2022 overwintering periods) in Tianjin coastal wetland were used to investigate inter-year consistencies and discrepancies on diet composition and gut microbiota in wild It was found that the common dominant phyla of both 2021 and 2022 group included Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteriota.

[Research progress of liposome drug delivery system in the treatment of head and neck cancer].

Head and neck tumors are one of the major diseases that threaten human health. Targeted chemotherapy is an important treatment for head and neck tumors. However, many anti-cancer drugs are difficult to reach effective concentrations in tumors and can cause damage to normal tissues.

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in essential hypertension with secondary insomnia: Implications for Alzheimer's disease risk.

Essential hypertension (EH) with secondary insomnia is associated with increased risks of neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its relationship with specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation remains unclear. This case-control study compared CSF biomarker levels across three groups: healthy controls (HC, n = 64), hypertension-controlled (HTN-C, n = 54), and hypertension-uncontrolled (HTN-U, n = 107) groups, all EH participants experiencing secondary insomnia.

Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Interactions: Mechanistic Implications for Cholangiocarcinoma Development, Immune Resistance, and Therapy.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but highly malignant carcinoma of bile duct epithelial cells with a poor prognosis. The major risk factors of CCA carcinogenesis and progression are cholestatic liver diseases. The key feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis is chronic cholestasis, which means a slowdown of hepatocyte secretion of biliary lipids and metabolites into bile as well as a slowdown of enterohepatic circulation (bile acid recirculation) of bile acids with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, which was shown to lead to enterohepatic recirculation and an increase of toxic secondary bile acids.

Fluorinated Coumarin Derivatives as Selective PET Tracer for MAO-B Imaging.

Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), predominantly exists on the outer mitochondrial membrane of astrocytes, serves as a crucial biomarker for reactive astrocytes during neuroinflammatory responses and various neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we synthesized a series of fluorinated coumarin derivatives and evaluated their structure-activity relationship and subtype selectivity for MAO-B. Following this, the preclinical bioevaluation containing positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and autoradiography studies led to the identification of the novel PET tracer, [F], which demonstrated high affinity for MAO-B (IC = 0.

Radiolabelled anti-PD-L1 peptide PET/CT in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of baseline PD-L1 targeted peptide Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT in neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy of resectable NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with resectable NSCLC (n = 20) enrolled in this prospective study received baseline paired Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT and F-FDG PET/CT. After 2-4 cycles of toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin, surgery was performed if R0 resection was available.

DPP4 promotes an immunoenhancing tumor microenvironment through exhausted CD8+ T cells with activating IL13-IL13RA2 axis in papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is among the most prevalent forms of endocrine malignancy with a rapid rise in incidence rates worldwide; however, the composition and characteristics of its immune microenvironment is poorly understand. Here, this work investigated the precise function of Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in tumor-infiltrated T cells within PTC by investigating its role in cytokine-mediated signaling pathways.

Methods: TCGA and GEO data as well as human PTC specimens confirmed the expression of DPP4 in PTC.

Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Observational Study of Risk Factors for Heart Failure Hospitalization.

Introduction: Long-term heart failure hospitalization (HFH) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and its risk factors remain to be investigated.

Methods: AF patients with HFpEF who underwent RFCA from January, 2014 to December, 2018 from three centers were retrospectively included. Patients were assigned to the training and testing cohorts, respectively.

Crucial roles of asprosin in cisplatin-induced ferroptosis and acute kidney injury.

Ferroptosis is a type of non-apoptotic regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapy drug with several serious side effects including acute kidney injury (AKI). Asprosin is a peptide contributing to metabolism regulation and metabolic disorders.

Enhancing the Deformability of the Adjuvant: Achieving Lymph Node Targeted Delivery to Elicit a Long-Lasting Immune Protection.

A key challenge in vaccine development is to induce an effective and durable immune response. Live virus vaccines induce lifelong antibody responses; however, the immune responses induced by inactivated or subunit vaccines decrease gradually. Activation of the germinal center (GC) reaction, which generates long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), is a key mediator of long-term antibody responses.

Utilizing an Opportunistic Clinical Study and Population-Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Identify Rational Empiric Dosing Regimens for Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients.

Determining an effective dosing regimen for piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients is challenging due to substantial pharmacokinetic variability caused by complex pathophysiological changes. To address this need, a prospective clinical study was conducted, which enrolled 112 critically ill patients and employed an opportunistic sampling strategy. Population modeling and simulation were performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and probability of target attainment (PTA) of piperacillin-tazobactam under various dosing regimens.

Effect of Exercise Intervention on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Exercise has been widely used to improve chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in cancer patients in recent years; however, there is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of exercise intervention in cancer patients.

Objective: This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of exercise intervention in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in cancer patients and to explore effective exercise intervention characteristics by comparing the effects of different exercise prescriptions.

Methods: Ten databases were systematically searched from published up to May 2024.

Institutional ownership drives a new strategy for green total factor productivity development of Chinese listed companies: Effects, mechanisms, and implications.

The low-carbon transformation of China's economy is urgent, and the innovation of core technologies related to it cannot be without financial support. Given the limited availability of green funding, it is imperative to seek the help of social funding more widely. Among them, the impact of institutional ownership (IO) on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) at micro level cannot be ignored.

Diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere during reproduction in the Yellow River delta.

Salinization in the Yellow River delta poses a challenge for agriculture, but nitrogen-fixing bacteria can improve soil nitrogen content and enhance plant growth under salt stress. This study focuses on the salt-tolerant plant , analyzing its plant traits and the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its rhizosphere using the gene. Results show a gradual decline in plant height, fresh weight, and microbial diversity from inland to coastal areas.

Drug resistance mechanism of anti-angiogenesis therapy in tumor.

Angiogenesis refers to the process of forming a new network of blood vessels from existing ones through the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of endothelial cells. This process is crucial for the growth and spread of solid tumors, particularly once the tumor volume exceeds 2 mm, as the newly formed vascular network provides essential oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors to the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis therapy has become one of the commonly used targeted treatments for cancer in clinical practice.

Investigating Microperimetric Features in Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy Patients: A Cross-Sectional Longitudinal Study in a Large Cohort.

Purpose: To assess the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) with a focus on potential of microperimetry in monitoring macular function.

Methods: A total of 208 genetically-confirmed BCD patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were categorized into subgroups based on their fundus characteristics (fovea sparing and fovea involved), optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings (presence/absence of retinal pigment epithelium [RPE] or ellipsoid zone [EZ] line at the fovea/parafovea), and genetic profiles (Mis/Mis, Tru/Mis, Tru/Tru).

Development and evaluation of an autism pig model.

Developing cost-effective and disease-relevant animal models is essential for advancing biomedical research into human disorders. Here we investigate the feasibility of a pig model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic drug known to increase ASD risk. We established experimental paradigms to assess the behavioral characteristics of these pig models.