Protective association between dietary phytosterol intake and cardiovascular health: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.

: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with dietary interventions showing promise in reducing CVD risk factors. Phytosterols (PSs) in plant-based foods may reduce CVD risk by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, the relationship between dietary PS intake and CVD outcomes remains inconclusive.

Integrating processing factors and large-scale cabbage cultivation to understand the fate tendency and health risks of tolfenpyrad using deterministic and probabilistic models.

Understanding the negative effects of agrochemicals on the environment and human health is indispensable for achieving green agriculture. In this study, the optimized UHPLC-MS/MS method achieved a highly sensitive quantification of tolfenpyrad in cabbage within 4.04 min.

Insights into the occurrence, distribution and dissipation of widespread agrochemicals in celery agrosystems for joint risk assessment.

Elucidating exposure risks associated with the most widely used agrochemicals and their metabolites in celery agrosystems are vital for food safety and human health. The occurrence, distribution, dissipation and metabolism of imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), thiamethoxam (THM) and difenoconazole (DIF) in celery tissues reflected by initial depositions, uptake characteristics, half-lives, concentration variations. DIF exhibited unacceptable ecological risk to soil organisms under multi-risk evaluation models, including toxicity exposure ratio, risk quotient, and BITSSD model.

Occurrence, distribution, and health risk assessment of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides in aquatic products of China.

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (SPIs) and neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs), now dominant in the insecticide market, are increasingly found in aquatic environments. This study focused on six SPIs and five NEOs in aquatic products from four Chinese provinces (Shandong, Hubei, Shanxi and Zhejiang) and the risk assessment of the safety for the residents was conducted. It revealed significantly higher residues of ΣSPIs (6.

Endocytosis-mediated entry of a caterpillar effector into plants is countered by Jasmonate.

Insects and pathogens release effectors into plant cells to weaken the host defense or immune response. While the imports of some bacterial and fungal effectors into plants have been previously characterized, the mechanisms of how caterpillar effectors enter plant cells remain a mystery. Using live cell imaging and real-time protein tracking, we show that HARP1, an effector from the oral secretions of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), enters plant cells via protein-mediated endocytosis.

Kinetics of uptake and depuration of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum).

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (SPIs) are frequently detected in water bodies and sediments, and they show high toxicity to aquatic organisms, but their toxicity kinetics remain unknown. In this work, the kinetics of uptake and depuration of three SPIs, fenpropathrin (FP), cypermethrin (CM) and deltamethrin (DM) were evaluated in manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) for the first time through a bioconcentration-semi-static test. Clams were exposed to three SPIs of different concentrations (2 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL) for 4 days, followed by a 10-day depuration stage.

Pyrethroids contamination and health risk assessment in seafood collected from the coast of Shandong, China.

This study provides the first data on pyrethroid residues of seafood in China. A total of 192 seafood samples were randomly selected from four coastal cities of Shandong Province in 2020. The residues of fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in seafood by GC-MS were ND to 26.

A highly accumulated secretory protein from cotton bollworm interacts with basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors to dampen plant defense.

Caterpillar oral secretion (OS) contains active molecules that modulate plant defense signaling. We isolated an effector-like protein (Highly Accumulated Secretory Protein 1, HAS1) from cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) that is the most highly accumulated secretory protein of the nondigestive components in OS and belongs to venom R-like protein. Elimination of HAS1 by plant-mediated RNA interference reduced the suppression of OS on the defense response in plants.

Use of GAL4 factor-based yeast assay to quantify the effects of xenobiotics on RXR homodimer and RXR/PPAR heterodimer in scallop Chlamys farreri.

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) have been shown as important targets of endocrine disrupting effects caused by organotin compounds (OTCs). In vitro methods for non-model species are instrumental in revealing not only mechanism of toxicity but also basic biology. In the present study, we constructed the GAL4 factor-based recombinant yeast systems of RXRα/RXRα (RR), RXRα/PPARα (RPα) and RXRα/PPARγ (RPγ) of the scallop Chlamys farreri to investigate their transcriptional activity under the induction of OTCs (tributyltin chloride, triphenyltin chloride, tripropyltin chloride and bis(tributyltin)oxide), their spiked sediments and five other non‑tin compounds (Wy14643, rosiglitazone, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate).

Impact of P-Chloroaniline on Oxidative Stress and Biomacromolecules Damage in the Clam : A Simulate Toxicity Test of Spill Incident.

As a hazardous chemical, p-chloroaniline (PCA) shows intensive adsorption and accumulation after entering the aquatic ecosystem, which can be enriched in organisms and cause damage. With the objective of achieving an integrated and mechanistic view of the toxic effects of PCA in the marine sentinel organism , Manila clams were exposed to different concentration of PCA (0.5, 2 and 5 mg/L) for 15 days.

Effects of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone RNA interference on regulation of glucose metabolism in after ammonia-nitrogen exposure.

To unveil the adaptation of Litopenaeus vannamei to elevated ambient ammonia-N, crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) was knocked down to investigate its function in glucose metabolism pathway under ammonia-N exposure. When CHH was silenced, haemolymph glucose increased significantly during 3-6 h, decreased significantly during 12-48 h and recovered to the control groups' level at 72 h. After CHH knock-down, dopamine (DA) contents reduced significantly during 3-24 h, which recovered after 48 h.

Induction of time- and dose-dependent oxidative stress of triazophos to brain and liver in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Extensive use of triazophos for the chemical control of pests in agriculture or aquaculture might strongly disturb the aquatic environment due to residue accumulation through various routes like surface run-off, spray-drift and effluent from factories, which have potential negative effects to non-target aquatic organisms. Previous studies have documented the antioxidative effects of triazophos to mammals, however, the oxidative toxicity of triazophos to fish has not been adequately studied to date. Thus, an acute exposure (96 h) to triazophos at different concentrations of 0.

Effect of acute exposure of triazophos on histological structure and apoptosis of the brain and liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Triazophos (TAP) has become a part of widespread pollutant of the aquatic environment due to its residue. Current study was designed to investigate the toxic effect of TAP at different doses (0.06, 0.