Enhancing the Hypolipidemic and Functional Properties of Root Dietary Fiber via Steam Explosion.

is an edible mushroom widely cultivated in China. As a by-product of , the roots are rich in high-quality dietary fiber (DF). In order to obtain high-quality soluble dietary fiber (SDF), steam explosion (SE) is used as an effective modification method to improve the extraction rate and avoid the loss of active substances.

Connections Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Prognosis of Hepatocarcinoma.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a state in which misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the lumen of the ER as a result of some exogenous or endogenous factors. It plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of malignancies, affecting cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis in cancer. ER stress genes could provide new ideas for potential therapeutic targets in cancer.

Spatially organized tumor-stroma boundary determines the efficacy of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer patients.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (dMMR) but not MMR-proficient (pMMR) tend to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. To profile the tumor microenvironments (TME) underlying these varied therapeutic responses, we integrate spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing, and multiplexed imaging analysis to create high-definition spatial maps of tumors from treatment-naïve and ICB-treated CRC patients. Our results identify the spatial organization and immune status of the tumor-stroma boundary as a distinctive feature of dMMR and pMMR CRCs, which associates with ICB response.

Understanding and Managing Vulvar Psoriasis in Girls: Findings From a Cohort Study.

Background/objectives: Pediatric vulvar psoriasis in girls is under-recognized and under-treated due to its nonspecific clinical appearance. This paper aims to describe the signs and symptoms of pediatric vulvar psoriasis and treatment strategies used by our group.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at a private pediatric dermatology referral practice from January 2016 to December 2022.

Genome-Based Mining of Carpatamides I-M and Their Candidate Biosynthetic Gene Cluster.

Chemically investigating the marine-derived 1268 led to the isolation of a new compound of carpatamide I (). Subsequent genomic analysis identified its candidate biosynthetic gene cluster of approximately 44 kb. In order to obtain more carpatamide derivatives, we conducted the upregulation of Ctd14, which is a positive regulator, and obtained improvement of carpatamide I and four new compounds of carpatamides J-M (-).

Biodiversity and Hemolytic Toxicity of the Genus (Dinophyceae) in the Beibu Gulf, China.

The dinoflagellate genus includes several widely distributed and potentially toxic species associated with Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), particularly affecting the Western Pacific Ocean. To reveal the biodiversity of in Beibu Gulf, six strains were morphologically characterized using light and scanning electron microscopy, while large subunit rDNA (LSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis through maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. Two strains (BGERL169, BGERL170) were identified as ribotype I, three (BGERL171-BGERL173) as a new ribotype II, and one strain (BGERL174) as .

Host Plants for the Lanternfly Kato, 1929 (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) Endemic to Taiwan, and Parasitism of Its Eggs by Wasps.

Since Kato, 1929 was first reported as a new species in Taiwan; there have been few published reports on its ecology, and fundamental knowledge of this species is still lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the preferred plants of adults, egg-laying, and nymphs, (2) analyze the change in host plants with time and development, and (3) explore the relationship between the survival of eggs and parasitism by their wasps. We detected the adults of this species between May and September 2023, and again in April 2024, mainly on F.

Intestinal microbiome changes and mechanisms of maintenance hemodialysis patients with constipation.

Background: Constipation is a common symptom in maintenance hemodialysis patients and greatly affects the quality of survival of hemodialysis patients. Fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics are feasible treatments for functional constipation, but there is still a gap in the research on the characteristics of gut flora in patients with maintenance hemodialysis combined with constipation. The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the intestinal flora and its changes in maintenance hemodialysis patients with constipation.

Antigenic epitopes and cross-reactivity analysis of tropomyosin from .

Tropomyosin (TM) has been determined as the major allergen in . However, little information is available about its antigenic epitopes and cross-reactivity. In this study, recombinant TM was obtained through genetic engineering and its IgG-/IgE-binding activity was similar to native TM.

Development and validation of the Out-of-Hospital Adherence Questionnaire for Stroke Patients (OHAQ-SP).

Background: The extent of rehabilitation of stroke patients outside the hospital is contingent upon their dedication to rehabilitative exercises, adherence to a suitable diet, and medication protocols. Therefore, multiple aspects of compliance must be assessed. Questionnaires are indirect measurements that are economical and easy to use.

Mina53 demethylates histone H4 arginine 3 asymmetric dimethylation to regulate neural stem/progenitor cell identity.

Arginine methylation of histones plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. The writers (methyltransferases) and readers of methylarginine marks are well-known, but the erasers-arginine demethylases-remain mysterious. Here we identify Myc-induced nuclear antigen 53 (Mina53), a jumonji C domain containing protein, as an arginine demethylase for removing asymmetric di-methylation at arginine 3 of histone H4 (H4R3me2a).

Prediction study of surrounding tissue invasion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on multi-phase enhanced CT radiomics.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a nomogram model that combines clinical-image features and CT radiomics in predicting surrounding tissue invasion (STI) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients before surgery.

Methods: Postoperative pathological data of 248 ccRCC patients from two centers were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify clinical and image features of ccRCC patients to construct a clinical model.

Xiaoai Jiedu recipe reduces cell survival and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating autophagy via the AKT/mTOR pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Xiaoai Jiedu recipe (XJR) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used in clinical settings to treat liver cancer. It has shown promising effectiveness by combining herbal and animal-derived ingredients, offering a new approach to cancer treatment. However, its mechanism of action is poorly understood.

Effects of biochar-loaded microbial agent in regulating nitrogen transformation and integration into humification for straw composting.

Exogenous additives can impact organic matter transformation in composting, but their effects on nitrogen conversion and humification in straw composting require clarification. This study investigated how rice husk biochar-loaded microbial agent (RM) affects nitrogen transformation and humification during straw composting. Results showed that the addition of RM enhanced ammonia oxidation and assimilation during composting, leading to a 10.

Enhancement of foaming performance of hempseed protein by limited enzymatic hydrolysis: From the viewpoint of the structural and interfacial rheological attributes.

Effects of limited enzymolysis by Alcalase and Protamex on the foaming performance of hempseed protein (HPI) and its correlation with structural and interfacial rheological characteristics were investigated. Proteolysis induced a conformational shift from α-helix and β-sheet to random coil, indicating enhanced molecular flexibility. The surface hydrophobicity of Alcalase hydrolysates encountered an initial increase (5 min) followed by a sharp drop with prolonged hydrolysis, whereas Protamex showed minimal effects.

Miniaturized, portable gustation interfaces for VR/AR/MR.

Gustation is one of the five innate sensations for humans, distinguishing from vision, auditory, tactile, and olfaction, as which is a close and chemically induced sense. Despite the fact that a handful of gustation display technologies have been developed, the new technologies still pose significant challenges in miniaturization of the overall size for portability, enriching taste options within a limited working area, supporting natural human-device interaction, and achieving precisely controlled taste feedback. To address these issues, here, we report a set of intelligent and portable lollipop-shaped taste interfacing systems covering from 2 to 9 different taste options for establishing an adjustable taste platform in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) environments.

Circular Engineered Sortase for Interrogating Histone H3 in Chromatin.

Reversible modification of the histone H3 N-terminal tail is critical in regulating the chromatin structure, gene expression, and cell states, while its dysregulation contributes to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the crosstalk between H3 tail modifications in nucleosomes constitutes a central challenge in epigenetics. Here, we describe an engineered sortase transpeptidase, cW11, that displays highly favorable properties for introducing scarless H3 tails onto nucleosomes.

The Effect of Caffeine Exposure on Sleep Patterns in Zebrafish Larvae and Its Underlying Mechanism.

The effect of caffeine on the behavior and sleep patterns of zebrafish larvae, as well as its underlying mechanisms, has been a topic of great interest. This study aimed to investigate the impact of caffeine on zebrafish larval sleep/wake behavior and the expression of key regulatory genes such as cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and adenosine (ADA) in the sleep pathway. To begin, the study determined the optimal dose and duration of caffeine exposure, with the optimal doses found to be 31.

Effects of 3D microstructure of porous media on DNAPL migration and remediation by surface active agents in groundwater.

Aquifers composed of porous granular media are important to human beings because they are capable of storing a large amount of groundwater. Contaminant migration and remediation in subsurface environments are strongly influenced by three-dimensional (3D) microstructures of porous media. In this study, fractal models are developed to investigate contaminant transport and surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) for the regular tetrahedron microstructure (RTM) and right square pyramid microstructure (RSPM).

The Predictive Value and Influencing Factors of Craniocervical Flexion Test for Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Case Control Study.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the predictive value of Craniocervical Flexion Test (CCFT) scores in individuals with chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP) and to identify factors that may affect CCFT scores.

Methods: This case-control study included 73 patients with CNNP and 127 healthy controls. We assessed baseline information such as demographics, duration and frequency of CNNP onset, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores.

Multimodal separation and cross fusion network based on Raman spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy for diagnosis of thyroid malignant tumor metastasis.

The diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis from thyroid cancer is an essential stage in the progression of thyroid cancer. The metastasis of cervical lymph nodes directly affects the prognosis and survival rate of patients. Therefore, timely and early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and can significantly improve patients' survival rate and quality of life.

Re-frying oil emulsion as buoy-bead for microalgae harvesting: A promising approach for blooms of microalgae management.

Blooms of microalgae can pose a major threat to ecological balance and human health. Therefore, a novel method of harvesting microalgae was investigated, using re-frying oil to make buoy-bead for the harvesting process. The effectiveness of the method was evaluated by water samples from the Huaihe River basin and Chaohu Lake.

Surrogate modelling-based multi-objective optimization for best management practices of nonpoint source pollution.

The integrated application of hydrological models and best management practices (BMPs) serves as a pivotal decision-making tool for managing nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in watersheds. Optimizing and selecting BMP options are critical challenges in managing NPS pollution, as these processes are typically computationally expensive and involve mixed discrete-continuous decision variables. Our study integrated a novel method, the multi-objective adaptive surrogate modeling-based optimization for constrained hybrid problems (MO-ASMOCH), with the distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to efficiently optimize the deployment of BMPs in the Four Lakes watershed of China.