The impact of ecological pressure caused by toxic lignin metabolites on microbial function transformation during composting.

Environmental stress coexists with microbial interactions during composting, temperature was thought to be the main stress, the toxic stress caused by aromatic compounds was often overlooked. Herein, lignin and lignin degradation products (LDP) were used alone or in combination to culture the compost microbial community, which manually delineated 32 niches to explore the effects of toxic stress on microbe and their responses. Results showed that the toxicity of LDP significantly changed the distribution of microbial community.

Analyze the impact of lignin depolymerization process and its products on humic substance formation.

This study aimed to identify types of lignin depolymerization products (LDP) and their role in humic substances (HS) formation, and little research has revealed which LDP could participate into HS formation during composting. Therefore, rice straw (RS), peanut straw (PS) and pine needles (PN) were selected for their different lignin structures to qualitatively and quantitative analyze LDP firstly. Qualitative results indicated that RS, PS and PN mainly produced LDP with G-type, common group and dimer structure.

Performance of microbial inoculation and tricalcium phosphate on nitrogen retention and conversion: Core microorganisms and enzyme activity during kitchen waste composting.

The substantial release of NH during composting leads to nitrogen (N) losses and poses environmental hazards. Additives can mitigate nitrogen loss by adsorbing NH/NH, adjusting pH, and enhancing nitrification, thereby improving compost quality. Herein, we assessed the effects of combining bacterial inoculants (BI) (1.

Gaining insight into the effect of laccase expression on humic substance formation during lignocellulosic biomass composting.

The aim is to enhance lignin humification by promoting laccase activities which can promote lignin depolymerization and reaggregation during composting. 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) is employed to conduct laccase mediator system (LMS), application of oxidized graphene (GO) in combination to strengthen LMS. Compared with control, the addition of GO, HBT, and GH (GO coupled with HBT) significantly improved laccase expression and activities (P < 0.

The contribution of microbial shikimic acid to humus formation during organic wastes composting: a review.

Microbial shikimic acid is an important intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids which are precursors for forming humus during composting process. Generally, the pathways producing shikimic acid and its downstream products are collectively referred as shikimic acid pathway (SKP). Microbial SKP can produce phenols, and tyrosine.

The reverse function of lignin-degrading enzymes: The polymerization ability to promote the formation of humic substances in domesticated composting.

This study aimed to confirm the ability of lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) in promoting the formation of humic substances (HS) during domesticated composting. Three raw materials with different lignin types were used for composting, including rice straw, tree branches, and pine needles. Results suggested that LiP and MnP activity increased during domesticated composting.

Machine learning framework for intelligent prediction of compost maturity towards automation of food waste composting system.

Reactive composting is a promising technology for recovering valuable resources from food waste, while its manual regulation is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, machine learning (ML) technologies are adopted to enable automated composting by predicting compost maturity and providing process regulation. Four machine learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) are employed to predict the seed germination index (GI) and C/N ratio.

Insights into enzyme activity and phosphorus conversion during kitchen waste composting utilizing phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial inoculation.

The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacterial (PSB) inoculant on the bacterial structure and phosphorus transformation during kitchen waste composting. High throughput sequencing, topological roles, and multiple analysis methods were conducted to explain the links between phosphorus fractions, enzyme contents, and microbial community structure and function. The findings indicated that bacterial inoculant improved environmental parameters and increased the concentration of total phosphorus, Olsen phosphorus, citric acid phosphorus, OM decomposition, and bacterial diversity.

Slowed down nitrogen mineralization under bacterial community-driven conditions by adding inhibitors during rice straw composting.

The aim of this paper was to confirm the role of inhibitors addition, namely adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malonic acid (MA), on nitrogen availability during rice straw (RS) composting. The results showed that inhibitors addition slowed down the mineralization of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen compared to CK. Meanwhile, amino sugar nitrogen and hydrolysable unknown nitrogen contents in ATP and MA treatments were higher, indicating that their addition improved the retention of organic nitrogen components.

Identifying the role of fired clay minerals on reducing of nitrogen loss and immobilization of organic nitrogen during chicken manure composting.

This study compared effects of clay minerals before and after firing in immobilization of organic nitrogen and reducing of nitrogen loss during chicken manure composting. The clay minerals and fired clay minerals treatments increased organic nitrogen contents and significantly reduced nitrogen loss, the loss was in order CK (52.61%) > M (47.

Photodegradation, bacterial metabolism, and photosynthesis drive the dissolved organic matter cycle in the Heilongjiang River.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms of DOM cycling in the water column during different seasons have not been fully elucidated to date. The differences in DOM degradation in summer, autumn, and winter water columns were evaluated in this study.

Microhabitat drive microbial anabolism to promote carbon sequestration during composting.

Transforming organic waste into stable carbon by composting is an eco-friendly way. However, the complex environment, huge microbial community and complicated metabolic of composting have limited the directional transformation of organic carbon, which is also not conducive to the fixation of organic carbon. Therefore, this review is based on the formation of humus, a stable by-product of composting, to expound how to promote carbon fixation by increasing the yield of humus.

Accurate Prediction of Hydration Sites of Proteins Using Energy Model With Atom Embedding.

We propose a method based on neural networks to accurately predict hydration sites in proteins. In our approach, high-quality data of protein structures are used to parametrize our neural network model, which is a differentiable score function that can evaluate an arbitrary position in 3D structures on proteins and predict the nearest water molecule that is not present. The score function is further integrated into our water placement algorithm to generate explicit hydration sites.

Core bacterial community driven the conversion of fulvic acid components during composting with adding manganese dioxide.

Here, we revealed the effects of microbes on fulvic acid (FA) formation in composting by adding MnO. The results showed that the MnO promoted the formation of highly humified components (79.2% increased for component 2, and 45.

δ-MnO changed the structure of humic-like acid during co-composting of chicken manure and rice straw.

Improving the structure and quantity of humus is important to reduce agriculture organic waste by composting. The present study was aimed to assess the role of δ-MnO on humus fractions formation during co-composting of chicken manure and rice straw. Two tests (control group (CK), the addition of δ-MnO (M)) were carried out.

Manganese dioxide driven the carbon and nitrogen transformation by activating the complementary effects of core bacteria in composting.

This study revealed core bacterial metabolic mechanisms involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in composting with adding MnO. Two tests (control group (CK), adding MnO (M)) were performed. The results indicated that the MnO accelerated the transformation of carbon and nitrogen in composting.

Oxytetracycline stress reconstruct the core microbial community related to nitrogen transformation during composting.

This study investigated oxytetracycline (OTC) effects on nitrogen (N) transformation and bacterial community diversity during chicken manure composting. The addition of OTC inhibited nitrifying bacteria, resulted in a decrease in the transformation of NH-N to NO-N during composting, and affected in the order T3 (32.76%) > T2 (28.

Modified montmorillonite and illite adjusted the preference of biotic and abiotic pathways of humus formation during chicken manure composting.

The study aimed to identify the preference of pathways of humus formation. Five lab-scale composting experiments were established: the control (CK), montmorillonite addition (M), illite addition (I), thermal treatment montmorillonite addition (M-) and thermal treatment illite addition (I-). Results showed humus content was increased by 11.

Influence of malonic acid and manganese dioxide on humic substance formation and inhibition of CO release during composting.

The aim of thisstudy was to explore the effects of malonic acid (MA), manganese dioxide (MnO), malonic acid combined with manganese dioxide (MA + MnO) additionon reducing CO emission and promoting humic substance (HS) formation during composting. The result showed that the addition of MA and MnO were an efficient way to reduce CO emission. Meanwhile, the CO emissions in the MA + MnO treatment was 36.

Reconstruction of core microbes based on producing lignocellulolytic enzymes causing by bacterial inoculation during rice straw composting.

The aim of this paper was to identify the core microbes of producing lignocellulolytic enzymes during rice straw composting with functional bacterial agents inoculation. The results indicated that inoculation functional bacterial agents accelerated the degradation of organic matter and coarse fiber content by 7.58%, 8.

Selective pressures of heavy metals on microbial community determine microbial functional roles during composting: Sensitive, resistant and actor.

Heavy metals (HM) pollution exerts an effect on microbial community composition and structure during composting, the way how microbial community responses to HM pressure is remain poorly understood though. The aim of this study was to explore functional roles of microorganisms based on selective pressures of HM (Cu, Zn and Cd). The results of microbial resistance showed that the toxicity of metals to microorganisms were Cu > Zn > Cd during composting.

Humus formation driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during mixed materials composting.

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) inoculation on humus formation. Both nitrogen conversion and humus formation were considered as the main processes, because NH-N-like compounds not only substrates of nitrification, but also precursors of humus. During composting, the inoculation of AOB indeed increased humus concentration by fixing NH emission as NH-N, but it has also promoted nitrogen transformation.

Identifying the action ways of function materials in catalyzing organic waste transformation into humus during chicken manure composting.

The aim of this study is to detect the action properties of functional materials (FM) in transforming waste into resource products with high humus content. FM (MnO and reducing sugar) were added in different periods of chicken manure composting. During composting, concentration of humic acids (HA) as aromatic fraction of humus, was increased by FM.