Composition-dependent MRM transitions and structure-indicative elution segments (CMTSES)-based LC-MS strategy for disaccharide profiling and isomer differentiation.

Background: Carbohydrates exhibit diverse functions and extensive biological activities and are notable in the field of life sciences. However, their inherent diversity and complexity-steaming from variations in isomeric monomers, glycosidic bonds, configurations, etc.-present considerable challenges in structural analysis.

In vitro and in vivo immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides with different molecular weights and structural characteristics from Gastrodia elata Blume.

Research on high-molecular-weight polysaccharides tends to be more difficult and lag in terms of their fine structures and bioavailability. We focused on Gastrodia elata Blume polysaccharides (GEPs) with different molecular weights and structural characteristics to reveal their bioactivities, especially those abundant high-molecular-weight GEPs. A novel high-yield polysaccharide (GEP1-2) with the high molecular weight of 3.

Spatial metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking to unveiling in-situ quality markers landscape and reflecting geographic origins of pomegranate seeds.

Pomegranate seeds, a by-product of pomegranate processing, are gaining attention in food industries due to their high antioxidant activity. However, the lack of quality markers reflecting activity and spatial characteristics limits their utilization and product stability. In this research, a selective and sensitive method integrating ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with feature-based molecular networking, and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging developed to identify components and locate in-situ images of quality markers via spatial metabolomics analysis.

Bromine signature coded derivatization LC-MS for specific profiling of carboxyl or carbonyl-containing metabolites in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Carboxyl or carbonyl-containing metabolites (CoCCMs) are widely distributed in biological samples. Global profiling of CoCCMs is essential for ascertaining specific functions of metabolites and their potential physiological roles in biogenic activities. However, simultaneous determination of these compounds is hampered by poor ionization efficiency, vast polarity differences, wide discrepancy of concentration ranges.

Decreased Memory-Related Regional Cerebral Perfusion in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea with a Mild Cognitive Impairment During Wakefulness.

Purpose: Previous studies have found that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can induce cognitive impairment (CI). However, the exact mechanisms of CI development in patients with OSA remains unclear. We investigated the neuropathological basis of CI development by examining changes in cerebral blood perfusion.

MRI Radiomics-Based Machine Learning to Predict Lymphovascular Invasion of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

This study aims to develop and prospectively validate radiomic models based on MRI to predict lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. A total of 225 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who preoperatively underwent breast MRI were selected, forming the training set (n = 99 LVI-positive, n = 126 LVI-negative). A prospective validation cohort included 130 patients with breast cancer from the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University (n = 57 LVI-positive, n = 73 LVI-negative).

Food processing drives the toxic lectin reduction and bioactive peptide enhancement in .

Processing can change the properties and flavors of food. Many plants in the Araceae family can be used as food or medicine, but their raw materials are usually toxic, such as tuber (PTT). After processing (processed PTT, PPTT), its toxicity is reduced.

Distinct septo-hippocampal cholinergic projections separately mediate stress-induced emotional and cognitive deficits.

Patients suffering from chronic stress develop numerous symptoms, including emotional and cognitive deficits. The precise circuit mechanisms underlying different symptoms remain poorly understood. We identified two distinct basal forebrain cholinergic subpopulations in mice projecting to the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) or ventral hippocampus (vHPC), which exhibited distinct input organizations, electrophysiological characteristics, transcriptomics, and responses to positive and negative valences of stimuli and were critical for cognitive and emotional modulation, respectively.

GSK-3β inhibitor amplifies autophagy-lysosomal pathways by regulating TFEB in Parkinson's disease models.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of the substantia nigra and a marked increase in Lewy bodies in the brain, primarily manifests as motor dysfunction. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) is known to play a critical role in various pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of GSK-3β inhibitors on PD progression and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects have not been fully elucidated.

The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding.

Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are ubiquitous disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water with various health risks including reproductive toxicity, while the potential mechanisms are still unclear. Although green tea exhibits common detoxifying properties, its ability to mitigate the toxicity of HBQs still needs to be further deepened and explored. This study attempted to investigate the possible mechanism of the most common HBQ, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) induced reproductive toxicity and elucidate the protective effect of green tea using a series of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches.

Multifunctional Au-Ag NCs for luminescence and colorimetric double signal sensing of HS and catalytic reduction of nitrophenol.

In this study, the N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine (NAC)-capped gold and silver bimetallic nanoclusters (NAC@Au-Ag NCs) was synthesized by reflux method. Due to the silver effect, the NAC@Au-Ag NCs exhibited strong photoluminescence at far-red/near-infrared regions and better catalytic performance than Au or Ag NCs. Upon addition of HS, the Au-Ag NCs exhibited obvious fluorescence quench and color changes through the generation of metal sulfides and a static quenching process.

Identifying and Visualizing Global Research Trends and Hotspots of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Ultrasound: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical ultrasound have rapidly grown in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and visualize global research trends and hotspots of AI in medical ultrasound to provide guidance for further exploitation.

Objective: This study aims to highlight the global research trends and hotspots of the top 100 most-cited papers related to AI in medical ultrasound by combining quantitative and visualization methods.

A Deep Mining Strategy for Peptide Rapid Identification in Based on LC-MS/MS Integrated with FBMN and De Novo Sequencing.

() is widely recognized as a probiotic that produces prebiotics. However, studies on bioactive peptides or amino acid (AA) derivatives produced by are still lacking, whereas many bioactive peptides and AA derivatives have been found in other species. In addition, rapid identification of peptides is challenged by the large amount of data and is limited by the coverage of protein databases.

Phloretin alleviates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment by reducing inflammation through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Sleep loss leads to significant pathophysiological consequences, including cognitive impairment. The neuroinflammation are pivotal factors in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment induced by sleep loss. The phloretin (PHL), derived from peel of juicy fruits, has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory properties.

Homoharringtonine promotes non-small-cell lung cancer cell death via modulating HIF-1α/ERβ/E2F1 feedforward loop.

Objectives: Hypoxia conditions promote the adaptation and progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). HIF-1α may regulate estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and promote the progression of NSCLC. The phytochemical homoharringtonine (HHT) exerts strong inhibitory potency on NSCLC, with molecular mechanism under hypoxia being elusive.

Disturbed Dynamic Brain Activity and Neurovascular Coupling in End-Stage Renal Disease Assessed With MRI.

Background: Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remain unclear, with limited studies on the temporal variability of neural activity and its coupling with regional perfusion.

Purpose: To assess neural activity and neurovascular coupling (NVC) in ESRD patients, evaluate the classification performance of these abnormalities, and explore their relationships with cognitive function.

Study Type: Prospective.

Mesoporous Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Effective for Combined Chemo/Photo Therapy Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, among which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of all lung cancers. Chemotherapy, a mainstay modality for NSCLC, has demonstrated restricted effectiveness due to the emergence of chemo-resistance and systemic side effects. Studies have indicated that combining chemotherapy with phototherapy, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), can enhance efficacy of therapy.

The impact of gut microbial dysbiosis on the atrophy of the hippocampus and abnormal metabolism of N-acetyl aspartate in type 2 diabetic rats.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of intestinal dysbiosis on the hippocampal volume using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model.

Materials And Methods: We established a T2DM animal model with high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) administration to Sprague-Dawley rats. Short-term ceftriaxone sodium administration was used to establish a T2DM intestinal dysbiosis (T2DM-ID) model.

A Prelimbic Cortex-Thalamus Circuit Bidirectionally Regulates Innate and Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior.

Anxiety-related disorders respond to cognitive behavioral therapies, which involved the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Previous studies have suggested that subregions of the mPFC have different and even opposite roles in regulating innate anxiety. However, the specific causal targets of their descending projections in modulating innate anxiety and stress-induced anxiety have yet to be fully elucidated.

Robotic-assisted radical resection versus open surgery for cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of robot-assisted resection and open surgery for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for studies comparing treatment for CCA, covering the period from database inception to January 30, 2024. Two researchers will independently screen literature and extract data, followed by meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.

Isolation, Bioactivity, and Molecular Docking of a Rare Gastrodin Isocitrate and Diverse Parishin Derivatives from Blume.

Blume () is a well-known medicine food homology plant widely used in treating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, undiscovered gastrodin derivatives were systematically studied. Seven novel gastrodin derivatives (-), including a unique gastrodin isocitrate () and six differently substituted parishin derivatives (-), were isolated.