mRNA-laden lipid nanoparticle-enabled humanized CD19 CAR-T-cell engineering for the eradication of leukaemic cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown transformative potential in treating malignant tumours, with increasing global approval of CAR-T products. However, high-production costs and risks associated with viral vector-based CAR-T cells-such as insertional mutagenesis and secondary tumour formation-remain challenges. Our study introduces an innovative CAR-T engineering approach using mRNA delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), aiming to reduce costs and enhance safety while maintaining strong anti-tumour efficacy.

Vegetation degradation and its progressive impact on soil nitrogen mineralization in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's alpine wetlands: Insights from a three-year study.

The soil nitrogen (N) cycle in the alpine wetland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has been strongly affected by vegetation degradation caused by climate change and human activities, subsequently impacting ecosystem functions. However, previous studies have rarely addressed how varying degrees of vegetation degradation affect soil net nitrogen mineralization rates and their temporal dynamics in these sensitive ecosystems. Therefore, we conducted a three-year field-based soil core in situ incubation mineralization experiment on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from 2019 to 2021 to assess the variations in soil net ammonification, nitrification, and mineralization rates during the growing season (June to October).

PD-L1 expression and immune infiltration across molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer: An integrative-analysis of molecular classification and immune subtypes.

The immune subtypes of the tumor microenvironment in endometrial cancer (EC), associated with different molecular classifications, warrant further investigation to guide EC immunotherapy strategies. This study focused on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (Clone SP263) and immune cell (IC) markers (CD3, CD8, CD68, CD20, CD21) in 110 EC cases. In this cohort, the molecular subtype distribution was: POLE mutation (POLEmut) 7.

METTL3-VISTA axis-based combination immunotherapy for APC truncation colorectal cancer.

Objective: Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy represents a bright spot in antitumor immunotherapy, its clinical benefits in colorectal cancer (CRC) are limited. Therefore, a new target for mediating CRC immunosuppression is urgently needed. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations have been reported as early-stage characteristic events in CRC, but the role of truncated APC in the CRC immune microenvironment remains unclear and its clinical significance has yet to be explored.

Methane Production Is More Sensitive to Temperature Increase than Aerobic and Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in Chinese Paddy Soils.

Methane emissions from paddy fields can increase under future warming scenarios. Nevertheless, a comprehensive comparison of the temperature sensitivity of methane-related microbial processes remains elusive. Here, we revealed that the temperature sensitivity of methane production (activation energy () = 0.

Continuous-flow synthesis of CsPbI/TiO nanocomposites with enhanced water and thermal stability.

The inherent poor stability of CsPbI nanocrystals hinders the practical application of this material. Therefore, it is still a challenge to improve the stability of CsPbI nanocrystals and realize their large-scale continuous preparation. In this work, we report the preparation of CsPbI/TiO nanocomposites with high stability by a microfluidic method.

MSGM: An Advanced Deep Multi-Size Guiding Matching Network for Whole Slide Histopathology Images Addressing Staining Variation and Low Visibility Challenges.

Matching whole slide histopathology images to provide comprehensive information on homologous tissues is beneficial for cancer diagnosis. However, the challenge arises with the Giga-pixel whole slide images (WSIs) when aiming for high-accuracy matching. Learning-based methods are difficult to generalize well with large-size WSIs, necessitating the integration of traditional matching methods to enhance accuracy as the size increases.

CsMnCl:Eu: A Near-Violet Light-Triggered Single-Component White Light Emitter.

Single-component white-light luminescent materials are considered an economical and facile choice for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs). Here, a new single-component white-light-emitting material CsMnCl:Eu based on the combination of a lead-free halide structure and a rare-earth ion is first reported. Benefiting from the smart dilution-sensitization design strategy, white light composed of dual broad emission originating from Eu (blue light, 444 nm, 4f5d → 4f) and Mn (yellow light, 566 nm, T → A) was successfully realized under near-ultraviolet light (404 nm) radiation with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 66%.

Enhanced Co-Adsorption of Alcohols and Amines for Visible Light Driven Oxidative Condensation Using Iron-Based MOF.

Imines are essential intermediates in organic transformations, and is generally produced by dehydrogenative condensation of alcohols and amines with the assist of specialized catalysts and additives. Heterogeneous photocatalysis provides a sustainable platform for such process without the using of toxic oxidants, yet a functionalized photocatalyst with optimized co-adsorption of reactants needs to be developed to promote the stoichiometric oxidative condensation under ambient conditions. Here, we show that benzyl alcohol and aniline adsorb non-interferingly on the Fe node and the linker sites of the MIL-53(Fe) metal organic frameworks (MOFs), respectively.

"Percentage" and "size" of residual viable tumor in lymph node, the performance in estimating pathologic response of lymph node in non-small cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

There is no universally accepted method for evaluating lymph node metastasis (LNM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Different protocols recommend evaluating the percentage of residual viable tumor (RVT%) and metastatic tumor size (MTS). Our aim was to determine the prognostic significance of RVT% and MTS, and identify the more effective parameter for pathological evaluating LNM.

HTRA1 interacts with SLC7A11 to modulate colorectal cancer chemosensitivity by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Chemotherapy is an important therapuetic strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC), but chemoresistance severely affects its efficacy, and the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that lipid peroxidation imbalance-mediated ferroptosis is closely associated with chemoresistance. Hence, targeting ferroptosis pathways or modulating the tolerance to oxidative stress might be an effective strategy to reverse tumor chemoresistance.

Better estimation of evapotranspiration and transpiration using an improved modified Priestly-Taylor model based on a new parameter of leaf senescence in a rice field.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is at the heart of the global water, energy, and carbon cycles. As ET is difficult and expensive to measure, it is crucial to develop estimation models that can be widely applied. Currently, an improved Priestley-Taylor (PT) model considers soil moisture stress, temperature constraints, and leaf senescence; however, its parameter (f) for simulating crop senescence is based on empirical values, making it difficult to apply to different varieties and complex external conditions and thus challenging to generalize.

Impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on the tumor mutational burden and immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer with postoperative recurrence.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy on the immunotherapeutic biomarkers of postoperative recurrent tumors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This study involved twenty-two cases of NSCLC, all of which underwent postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy, with matched surgical samples obtained from both their primary tumors (PTs) and recurrent tumors (RTs). Multiplex immunofluorescence was performed to assess the tumor proportion score (TPS) and immune cells (IC) on whole sections.

Targeting autophagy overcomes cancer-intrinsic resistance to CAR-T immunotherapy in B-cell malignancies.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy has substantially revolutionized the clinical outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies, but the cancer-intrinsic mechanisms underlying resistance to CAR-T cells remain yet to be fully understood. This study aims to explore the molecular determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to CAR-T cell-mediated killing and to provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential modulation to improve clinical efficacy.

Methods: The human whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screening was conducted to identify key genes that enable cancer cells to evade CD19 CAR-T-cell-mediated killing.

Heterogeneity of molecular subtyping and therapy-related marker expression in primary tumors and paired lymph node metastases of small cell lung cancer.

The classification of molecular subtypes and the identification of targetable molecules have been proposed for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Our aim was to investigate whether the expression of these markers evaluated using lymph node (LN) metastases represents that of primary tumors. We enrolled 46 surgically resected SCLC patients' primary tumors and paired mediastinal LN metastases.

Genomic discordances and heterogeneous mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and immune infiltrates of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis.

Aims: To investigate the genomic discordances and heterogeneous mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and immune cell (IC) infiltrates of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis.

Methods: Surgical samples from 41 cases of NSCLC with metastatic tumours (MTs) and paired primary tumours (PTs) were collected. PD-L1 expression and ICs were quantified using image-based immunohistochemistry profiling.

Payments for ecosystem services programs: A global review of contributions towards sustainability.

Payments for ecosystem services programs (PESPs) are increasingly being adopted globally to enhance sustainability outcomes. There are also hundreds of studies yearly on various aspects of PESPs, but research on their contributions to sustainability of communities and the ecosystems they depend upon at the global scale are rare. Our global review explores twelve key characteristics of PESPs at three different phases (inputs - implementation - outputs and outcomes) and their relationship types of these characteristics to sustainability outcomes.

Lentinan progress in inflammatory diseases and tumor diseases.

Shiitake mushrooms are a fungal food that has been recorded in Chinese medicine to nourish the blood and qi. Lentinan (lLNT) is an active substance extracted from shiitake mushrooms with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor functions. Inflammatory diseases and cancers are the leading causes of death worldwide, posing a serious threat to human life and health and posing enormous challenges to global health systems.

An orientation-free ring feature descriptor with stain-variability normalization for pathology image matching.

Comprehensively analyzing the corresponding regions in the images of serial slices stained using different methods is a common but important operation in pathological diagnosis. To help increase the efficiency of the analysis, various image registration methods are proposed to match the corresponding regions in different images, but their performance is highly influenced by the rotations, deformations, and variations of staining between the serial pathology images. In this work, we propose an orientation-free ring feature descriptor with stain-variability normalization for pathology image matching.

Molecular subtypes, predictive markers and prognosis in small-cell lung carcinoma.

Aims: A new molecular subtype classification was proposed for small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We aimed to further validate the classification in various SCLC patient samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to highlight its clinical significance.

Methods: We analysed the protein expression of four subtype (achaete-scute family BHLH transcription factor 1 (ASCL1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1), POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1)) and two predictive markers (delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and MYC) using IHC in 216 specimens from 195 SCLC patients, including 21 pairs of resected biopsy tumours.

Molecular Classification of Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma With Microcystic Elongated and Fragmented Pattern.

The studies on the molecular classification of endometrioid carcinoma (EC) with microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern invasion are limited. In this study, 77 cases of ECs with MELF patterns in Chinese women were collected. The molecular classification of the fifth edition of the World Health Organization was used to classify the molecular subtypes using immunohistochemistry staining (mismatch repair [MMR]-immunohistochemistry: MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2; p53) and Sanger sequencing targeted POLE .