Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS-SPME-GC-MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins.

This study delves into the aroma characteristics and microbial composition of filler tobacco leaves (FTLs) sourced from six distinct cigar-growing regions within Yunnan, China, following standardized fermentation. An integrated approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic nose (E-nose), and microbiome analysis was employed for comprehensive profiling. Results derived from Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) using E-nose data confirmed the presence of notable variability in flavor substance profiles among the FTLs from six regions.

Analyzing microbial community and volatile compound profiles in the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves.

Variations in industrial fermentation techniques have a significant impact on the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs), consequently influencing the aromatic attributes of the resulting cigars. The entire fermentation process of CTLs can be categorized into three distinct phases: phase 1 (CTLs prior to moisture regain), phase 2 (CTLs post-moisture regain and pile fermentation), and phase 3 (CTLs after fermentation and drying). These phases were determined based on the dynamic changes in microbial community diversity.

Correlation study on microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds in cigar tobacco leaves of diverse origins.

To elucidate the significant influence of microorganisms on geographically dependent flavor formation by analyzing microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) in cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) obtained from China, Dominica, and Indonesia. Microbiome analysis revealed that the predominant bacteria in CTLs were Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Pseudomonas, and Lactobacillus, while the predominant fungi were Aspergillus, Wallemia, and Sampaiozyma. The microbial communities of CTLs from different origins differed to some extent, and the diversity and abundance of bacteria were greater than fungi.

[Emission Characteristics and Control of Heavy Metals in Secondary Copper Smelting Process].

Secondary copper smelting is an important source of heavy metal emission. Flue gas samples were collected from different stages in secondary copper smelters to study the emission characteristics and control of particulate matters (PM) and heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Sn, and Sb. The mass concentrations of heavy metals in flue gas and fly ash were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

Pilot study on the effect of secondary copper smelters on polychlorinated naphthalene contamination in surrounding agricultural areas.

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are dioxin-like persistent organic pollutants that are primarily produced unintentionally during industrial thermal processes. These compounds are harmful to the environment and human health. This study investigated the occurrences of all 75 PCN congeners in agricultural areas near secondary copper smelters in China.

Variation in the formation characteristics of PBDD/F, brominated PAH, and PBDE congeners along the secondary copper smelting processes.

Simultaneous determination of 58 congeners of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Br-PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from multiple stages of industrial-scale secondary copper smelting plants was conducted with the aim of understanding their variations and control. In addition to the historical manufacture of PBDEs as brominated flame retardants, this study confirmed that PBDEs can be unintentionally produced and released from the secondary copper industry. The average mass emission factors of PBDD/Fs, PBDEs, and Br-PAHs from different sources were 10.

Variations of PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary nonferrous smelting plants and towards to their source emission reduction.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are cancerogenic organic pollutants that priority controlled by Stockholm Convention with globally 183 signatories now. Secondary nonferrous smelting plants are confirmed to be important sources in China due to its large industrial activities and high emissions of PCDD/Fs. It is important to prioritize source to achieve source emission reduction by conducting field monitoring on typical case plants.

Research on pollution prevention and control BAT of PCDD/Fs in secondary copper industry.

Secondary copper industry has received more and more attention due to its high Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emissions. Best available technologies (BAT) plays an important role in prevention of PCDD/Fs pollution for secondary copper industry and is recommended by the Stockholm Convention on POPs. In this study, AHP-Delphi method-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the 5 smelting technologies that are usually applied in secondary copper industry.

Thermochemical formation of multiple unintentional persistent organic pollutants on metallurgical fly ash and their correlations.

Metallurgical processes are currently the predominant anthropogenic sources of multiple unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated and brominated PAHs (Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs). Understanding the formation of multiple POPs is important for source control. These POPs could be formed through fly ash-mediated heterogeneous reactions.

Application of Component Apheresis in Pre-deposited Autotransfusion.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) using apheresis in patients who underwent elective surgical procedures, and investigate its clinical usefulness.

Methods: Data from 109 patients who underwent general and orthopedics elective surgery were analyzed in this study. Patients were divided into three groups: control group, patients who did not donate autologous blood; whole blood (WB) PABD group, patients who underwent preoperative autologous WB donation; autologous apheresis group, patients who donated autologous blood using erythrocytapheresis.

[Assessment of Emission and Co-Reduction of PCDD/Fs and PCNs in the Secondary Copper Production Sector].

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) could he generated and discharged unintentionally in the secondary copper production industry with similar mechanisms as PCDD/Fs during high-temperature industrial processes. Therefore, measures that reduce the release of PCDD/Fs will also reduce PCNs emissions. Analysis of the technical process and correlation with their emissions will provide theoretical basis for co-mitigation of PCNs and PCDD/Fs.

Polychlorinated biphenyls removal from contaminated soils using a transportable indirect thermal dryer unit: implications for emissions.

An assessment in China of the application of a transportable indirect thermal dryer unit for the remediation of soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) demonstrated that it is well suited to remove PCBs from soils. A remarkable reduction of total PCBs in soils from 163-770 μg g(-1) to 0.08-0.

[Pollution patterns and health risk assessment for polychlorinated biphenyls in soils from a capacitor storage site].

Concentration profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxicity risks of dioxin-like PCBs were investigated in soils collected from a capacitor-burial site. Based on the USEPA model of human health risk assessment, cancer and non-cancer risks for these soils were also estimated when used for residential and industrial purposes. It was observed that the average concentrations of total PCBs (sigma PCBs, 22 congeners) in the soils were 6.

China action of "Cleanup Plan for Polychlorinated Biphenyls Burial Sites": emissions during excavation and thermal desorption of a capacitor-burial site.

Scarce data are available so far on emissions in a given scenario for excavation and thermal desorption, a common practice, of soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). As part of China action of "Cleanup Plan for PCBs Burial Sites", this study roughly estimated PCBs emissions in the scenario for a capacitor-burial site. The concentrations of total PCBs (22 congeners) in soils were in the range of 2.

Health and ecological risk-based characterization of soil and sediment contamination in shipyard with long-term use of DDT-containing antifouling paint.

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was a frequently occurring type of persistent organic environmental pollutant in China and DDT-containing antifouling paint could be the main contributor of DDT to shipyards and fishing harbors. A field survey was conducted in a shipyard in southern China to investigate the content and distribution of DDT in soil and sediments. Human health and screening-level ecological risk assessments were conducted for DDT contamination in soil and sediments and the results indicated that total DDT in all samples tested exceeded present advisory safe limits.

[Analysis of characteristics of dioxin contamination in the chlor-alkali site that uses graphite anode for production].

In order to find out the characteristics of dioxin contamination, we sampled and analyzed the soil and groundwater on a chlor-alkali factory site that uses graphite anode for production. The results show that the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of dioxins in soil samples exceeds the U. S.

Thermoresponsive inverse opal films fabricated with liquid-crystal elastomers and nematic liquid crystals.

Liquid-crystal elastomers together with nematic liquid crystals have been used as inverse opal materials to fabricate thermoresponsive photonic crystal directly. In the vicinity of the phase-transition point of the mixture, the photonic band gaps of such inverse opal films exhibited a strong temperature dependence. As the molar ratio of liquid-crystal elastomers and nematic liquid crystals changed, the character of their PBGs also changed with increasing temperature.