CFEM Proteins Suppress Host Immunity and Differentially Contribute to Virulence.

The pathogen is responsible for the devastating pokkah boeng disease, which causes significant economic losses in sugarcane production. However, the mechanisms by which it affects plant immunity remain largely unknown. Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) domain proteins have been implicated in fungal growth, infection processes, and pathogenicity.

Effector FsMEP1 Contributes to Virulence by Disturbing Localization of Thiamine Thiazole Synthase ScTHI2 from Sugarcane.

is a significant pathogenic fungus that causes sugarcane Pokkah Boeng. Proteins secreted by pathogenic fungi can be delivered into hosts to suppress plant immunity and establish infection. However, there is still much to be discovered regarding 's secreted effectors in overcoming plant immunity.

Urban travel carbon emission mitigation approach using deep reinforcement learning.

The urbanization process has led to a significant increase in energy consumption and carbon emissions, which can be mitigated through scientific urban planning and management. This research proposes a bottom-up urban carbon emission mitigation strategy based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Using Ningbo City as a case study, multi-source urban data, including points of interest (POI) data and urban transportation system data, are utilized, along with varying carbon emission coefficients for different travel modes, to construct a comprehensive carbon emission environment for urban areas.

Broad Learning System under Label Noise: A Novel Reweighting Framework with Logarithm Kernel and Mixture Autoencoder.

The Broad Learning System (BLS) has demonstrated strong performance across a variety of problems. However, BLS based on the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion is highly sensitive to label noise. To enhance the robustness of BLS in environments with label noise, a function called Logarithm Kernel (LK) is designed to reweight the samples for outputting weights during the training of BLS in order to construct a Logarithm Kernel-based BLS (L-BLS) in this paper.

Activation of the hypoxia response in the aging cerebrovasculature protects males against cognitive impairment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a distinct sex bias. Age-related vascular alterations, a hallmark of AD onset and progression, are consistently associated with sexual dimorphism. Here, we conducted an integrative meta-analysis of 335,803 single-nucleus transcriptomes and 667 bulk transcriptomes from the vascular system in AD and normal aging to address the underlying sex-dependent vascular aging in AD.

Neuronal cell cycle reentry events in the aging brain are more prevalent in neurodegeneration and lead to cellular senescence.

Increasing evidence indicates that terminally differentiated neurons in the brain may recommit to a cell cycle-like process during neuronal aging and under disease conditions. Because of the rare existence and random localization of these cells in the brain, their molecular profiles and disease-specific heterogeneities remain unclear. Through a bioinformatics approach that allows integrated analyses of multiple single-nucleus transcriptome datasets from human brain samples, these rare cell populations were identified and selected for further characterization.

Long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 attenuates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by improving inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function through mediating the miR-501-3p/CADM1/STAT3 axis.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are highly important for sepsis-mediated myocardial damage. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MCM3AP-AS1 is involved in inflammatory diseases, but its function in acute myocardial injury during sepsis has not been fully elucidated. LPS and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were used to construct in vitro and in vivo sepsis-induced myocardial damage models, respectively.

Development of an m6A-Related lncRNAs Signature Predicts Tumor Stemness and Prognosis for Low-Grade Glioma Patients.

Background: Growing evidence has revealed that m6A modification of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) dynamically controls tumor stemness and tumorigenesis-related processes. However, the prognostic significance of m6A-related lncRNAs and their associations with stemness in low-grade glioma (LGG) remain to be clarified.

Methods: A multicenter transcriptome analysis of lncRNA expression in 1,247 LGG samples was performed in this study.

Identification of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic) contributes to sexual dimorphism in late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia; it disproportionally affects women in terms of both incidence rates and severity of progression. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical phenomenon remain elusive and ill-defined.

Methods: In-depth analyses were performed with multiple human LOAD single-nucleus transcriptome datasets to thoroughly characterize cell populations in the cerebral cortex.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes ameliorate LPS-induced acute lung injury by miR-223-regulated alveolar macrophage M2 polarization.

Numerous studies have shown that the M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages (AM) plays a protective role in acute lung injury (ALI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secreted exosomes have been reported to be involved in inflammatory diseases by the effects of polarized M1/M2 macrophage populations. However, whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) derived exosomes could protect from ALI and its mechanisms are still unclear.

OsMED16, a tail subunit of Mediator complex, interacts with OsE2Fa to synergistically regulate rice leaf development and blast resistance.

Mediator, a universal eukaryotic coactivator, is a multiprotein complex to transduce information from the DNA-bound transcription factors to the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery. In this study, the biofunctions of a rice mediator subunit OsMED16 in leaf development and blast resistance were characterized. OsMED16 encodes a putative protein of 1170 amino acids, which is 393 bp shorted than the version in Rice Genome Annotation Project databases.

Pan-cancer analyses reveal multi-omic signatures and clinical implementations of the forkhead-box gene family.

Background: Forkhead box (FOX) proteins belong to one of the largest transcription factor families and play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. Prior research has linked several FOX genes, such as FOXA1 and FOXM1, to the crucial process of carcinogenesis. However, the overall picture of FOX gene family across human cancers is far from clear.

Multi-objective pathfinder algorithm for multi-objective optimal power flow problem with random renewable energy sources: wind, photovoltaic and tidal.

In this paper, the multi-objective optimal power flow (MOOPF) problem optimization objectives focus on four optimization objectives: generation cost, emission, real power loss and voltage deviation (VD). Three renewable energy sources with successful industrial applications, including wind energy, solar energy, and tidal energy are introduced. Renewable energy supply is uncertain, so Weibull distribution probability, lognormal probability and Gumbel probability are used to calculate the instability and intermittency of wind energy, solar energy and tidal energy, respectively.

Effects of Mindfulness on Obligatory Exercise During the Return of Injured Athletes to Sports: The Mediating Roles of Self-Criticism and Competitive State Anxiety.

Purpose: Despite the Advances in sports training methods and medicine, they have not reduced the recurrence rate of athletes' injuries significantly, and obligatory exercise may be an important reason for their re-injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness on obligatory exercise behavior, self-criticism, and competitive state anxiety in athletes recovering from injury, and explain their interactions.

Patients And Methods: The study adopted the snowball and convenience sampling methods.

Epigenetically regulated lncRNAs dissect the intratumoural heterogeneity and facilitate immune evasion of glioblastomas.

Glioblastomas are the most common and malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors that occupied a highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TIME). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), whose expression can be modified by DNA methylation, are emerging as critical regulators in the immune system. However, knowledge about the epigenetic changes in lncRNAs and their contribution to the immune heterogeneity of glioma is still lacking.

Enhanced insulin-regulated phagocytic activities support extreme health span and longevity in multiple populations.

The immune system plays a central role in many processes of age-related disorders and it remains unclear if the innate immune system may play roles in shaping extreme longevity. By an integrated analysis with multiple bulk and single cell transcriptomic, so as DNA methylomic datasets of white blood cells, a previously unappreciated yet commonly activated status of the innate monocyte phagocytic activities is identified. Detailed analyses revealed that the life cycle of these monocytes is enhanced and primed to a M2-like macrophage phenotype.

Chronic alcohol metabolism results in DNA repair infidelity and cell cycle-induced senescence in neurons.

Chronic binge-like drinking is a risk factor for age-related dementia, however, the lasting and irreversible effect of alcohol on the brain remains elusive. Transcriptomic changes in brain cortices revealed pro-ageing hallmarks upon chronic ethanol exposure and these changes predominantly occur in neurons. The changes are attributed to a prioritized ethyl alcohol oxidation in these cells via the NADPH-dependent cytochrome pathway.

An Improved Density Peak Clustering Algorithm for Multi-Density Data.

Density peak clustering is the latest classic density-based clustering algorithm, which can directly find the cluster center without iteration. The algorithm needs to determine a unique parameter, so the selection of parameters is particularly important. However, for multi-density data, when one parameter cannot satisfy all data, clustering often cannot achieve good results.

Quantum-Inspired Moth-Flame Optimizer With Enhanced Local Search Strategy for Cluster Analysis.

Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique widely used in the field of data mining and analysis. Clustering encompasses many specific methods, among which the K-means algorithm maintains the predominance of popularity with respect to its simplicity and efficiency. However, its efficiency is significantly influenced by the initial solution and it is susceptible to being stuck in a local optimum.

Identification and functional analysis of N6-methyladenine (m A)-related lncRNA across 33 cancer types.

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m A) plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are discovered to be important targets of m A modification, and they play fundamental roles in diverse biological processes. However, there is still a lack of knowledge with regards to the association between m A and lncRNAs in human tumors.

How Placenta Promotes the Successful Reproduction in High-Altitude Populations: A Transcriptome Comparison between Adaptation and Acclimatization.

As the best adapted high altitude population, Tibetans feature a relatively high offspring survival rate. Genome-wide studies have identified hundreds of candidate SNPs related to high altitude adaptation of Tibetans, although most of them have unknown functional relevance. To explore the mechanisms behind successful reproduction at high altitudes, we compared the placental transcriptomes of Tibetans, sea level Hans (SLHan), and Han immigrants (ImHan).

Bioinspired Bare Bones Mayfly Algorithm for Large-Scale Spherical Minimum Spanning Tree.

Mayfly algorithm (MA) is a bioinspired algorithm based on population proposed in recent years and has been applied to many engineering problems successfully. However, it has too many parameters, which makes it difficult to set and adjust a set of appropriate parameters for different problems. In order to avoid adjusting parameters, a bioinspired bare bones mayfly algorithm (BBMA) is proposed.

The amputation and mortality of inpatients with diabetic foot ulceration in the COVID-19 pandemic and postpandemic era: A machine learning study.

This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristic and outcomes of inpatients with diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) in 2019 (prelockdown) and 2020 (postlockdown) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, at an emergency medical service unit. Prediction models for mortality and amputation were developed to describe the risk factors using a machine learning-based approach. Hospitalized DFU patients (N = 23) were recruited after the lockdown in 2020 and matched with corresponding inpatients (N = 23) before lockdown in 2019.