Scope of radiological protection control measures.

In this report, the Commission recommends approaches to national authorities for their definition of the scope of radiological protection control measures through regulations, by using its principles of justification and optimisation. The report provides advice for deciding the radiation exposure situations that should be covered by the relevant regulations because their regulatory control can be justified, and, conversely, those that may be considered for exclusion from the regulations because their regulatory control is deemed to be unamenable and unjustified. It also provides advice on the situations resulting from regulated circumstances but which may be considered by regulators for exemption from complying with specific requirements because the application of these requirements is unwarranted and exemption is the optimum option.

New ICRP recommendations.

This paper provides a review of the 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). These new recommendations take account of the latest biological and physical information and consolidate the additional guidance provided by ICRP since 1990. The changes to the scientific data are not substantial.

New recommendations from the International Commission on Radiological Protection--a review.

For almost half a century, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has revised its recommendations on radiological protection with an average frequency of about 10 years, building on the experience gained in their implementation. This has ensured that the recommendations remain up to date and fit for purpose and it is this that has led in turn to their wide acceptance internationally. Indeed, the 1990 version of the recommendations forms the basis of the international radiological protection standards and the systems of control of exposure to ionizing radiation in many countries throughout the world.

The control of indoor radiation exposure.

Surveys of natural radiation indoors permit improved estimates to be made of exposures nationally and of regional variations. In the UK, there are clear indications that individual doses from radon decay products can be more than two orders of magnitude above the national average. A reliable risk factor for lung cancer allows the risks to individuals to be determined, and some members of the public are seen to be exposed to relatively high risks.

Surveys of natural radiation exposure in UK dwellings with passive and active measurement techniques.

A representative sample of over 2,000 UK dwellings was monitored for a year using thermoluminescent and etchable plastic dosemeters to measure gamma-ray dose rates and radon concentrations. The survey was carried out by post. Each householder completed a questionnaire on the type of dwelling and its characteristics.

Radon daughter exposures in the U.K.

Exposure due to the inhalation of the short-lived daughters of 222Rn is the single largest contributor to the exposure of the U.K. population.

5-Methylnicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide. Kinetic investigation with major and minor isoenzymes of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and structural determination of its binary complex with alcohol dehydrogenase.

5-Methylnicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and 3-cyano-5-methylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide was prepared from 5-methylthionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by chemical conversion. The 5-methylthionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide was obtained by enzymic transglucosidation. Model compounds ascertained the structure.

Preparation and properties of 3-halopyridine--adenine dinucleotides, NAD+ analogues and model compounds.

The preparation of model compounds 1-(2',6'-dichlorobenzyl)-3-halogenopyridinium and the study of their properties were achieved. Their chemical reduction to the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines is proved by spectroscopic analysis. 3-Iodopyridine--adenine dinucleotide was prepared by enzymic transglycosidation while the 3-chloro, 3-bromo and 3-iodo pyridine--adenine dinucleotides were synthesized from 3-amino-pyridine--adenine dinucleotide.