Bad year econometrics: Agent-based modeling of risk management strategies under varying regimes of environmental change.

Resilience-the ability of socio-ecological systems to withstand and recover from shocks-is a key research and policy focus. Definitions of resilience differ between disciplines, however, and the term remains inadequately operationalized. Resilience is the outcome of variable behavioral decisions, yet the process itself and the strategies behind it have rarely been addressed quantitatively.

Influential individuals can promote prosocial practices in heterogeneous societies: a mathematical and agent-based model.

In this paper, we examine how different governance types impact prosocial behaviors in a heterogenous society. We construct a general theoretical framework to examine a game-theoretic model to assess the ease of achieving a cooperative outcome. We then build a dynamic agent-based model to examine three distinct governance types in a heterogenous population: monitoring one's neighbors, despotic leadership, and influencing one's neighbors to adapt strategies that lead to better fitness.

The Interunit Reliability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Apex (STATSports) Metrics During a Standardized Intermittent Running Activity.

Beato, M, Wren, C, and de Keijzer, KL. The interunit reliability of global navigation satellite systems Apex (STATSports) metrics during a standardized intermittent running activity. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): e49-e55, 2024-This study aimed to evaluate the interunit reliability of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) STATSports Apex metrics and to assess which metrics can be used by practitioners for the monitoring of short-distance intermittent running activities.

Concentric Phase Assistance Enhances Eccentric Peak Power During Flywheel Squats: Intersession Reliability and the Linear Relationship Between Concentric and Eccentric Phases.

Background: It remains unknown if flywheel-assisted squats can be reliably utilized to increase power outputs and if such outputs are related.

Objectives: To compare assisted and unassisted flywheel squat peak power outputs, determine their reliability, and analyze the relationship of the delta difference between peak power outputs during the squats.

Methods: Twenty male athletes attended the laboratory 6 times-performing 3 sets of 8 repetitions of assisted and unassisted squats during 2 familiarization sessions and then 3 sets of 8 repetitions during experimental sessions 3 to 6 (2 sessions for unassisted and assisted squat in randomized order, respectively).

Effect of Reduced Fluoroquinolone Use on Cephalosporin Use, Susceptibilities and Infections.

Background: Overuse of fluoroquinolones has led to concerning rates of resistance, particularly among Gram-negative organisms. They are also highly implicated as a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection, and reports of other serious adverse events led to recommendations to restrict their use. Our health system began targeting the reduction in unnecessary fluoroquinolone prescribing in 2018, aiming to promote their safe and effective use.

Rapid FISH results within one hour.

This study evaluated a rapid fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) method with a novel 10 min hybridization time to identify the presence of recurrent gene re-arrangements in patients with Haematological malignancies (HMs). A method comparison experimental approach was used to compare this rapid method to the standard method. Hybridization results using the rapid method were comparable to standard methods in terms of result, signal strength and hybridization quality.

The archaeology of climate change: The case for cultural diversity.

Anthropogenic climate change is currently driving environmental transformation on a scale and at a pace that exceeds historical records. This represents an undeniably serious challenge to existing social, political, and economic systems. Humans have successfully faced similar challenges in the past, however.

Exploring variability in lithic armature discard in the archaeological record.

The invention of projectile technology had important ramifications for hominin evolution. However, the number of stone points that could have been used as projectiles fluctuates in archaeological assemblages, making it difficult to define when projectile technology was first widely adopted and how its usage changed over time. Here we use an agent-based model to simulate a hunter-gatherer foraging system where armatures are dropped according to their usage.

Habitat suitability and the genetic structure of human populations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Western Europe.

Human populations in Western Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum were geographically constrained to glacial refugia by the severity of the climate and ecological risk factors. In this research we use an agent-based model of human mobility and interaction, based on ethnographic and archaeological data, to explore the impact of ecological risk on human population structure via a reconstructed landscape of habitat suitability. The agent-based model allows us to evaluate the size and location of glacial refugia, the size of the populations occupying them and the degree of genetic relatedness between people occupying these areas.

Estimating the birth prevalence and pregnancy outcomes of congenital malformations worldwide.

Congenital anomaly registries have two main surveillance aims: firstly to define baseline epidemiology of important congenital anomalies to facilitate programme, policy and resource planning, and secondly to identify clusters of cases and any other epidemiological changes that could give early warning of environmental or infectious hazards. However, setting up a sustainable registry and surveillance system is resource-intensive requiring national infrastructure for recording all cases and diagnostic facilities to identify those malformations that that are not externally visible. Consequently, not all countries have yet established robust surveillance systems.

The use of a standardized order set reduces systemic corticosteroid dose and length of stay for individuals hospitalized with acute exacerbations of COPD: a cohort study.

Background: Systemic corticosteroids (SC) are an integral part of managing acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). However, the optimal dose and duration vary widely in clinical practice. We hypothesized that the use of a "PowerPlan" order set in the electronic health system (EHS) that includes a 5-day SC order would be associated with a reduced steroid dose and length of stay (LOS) for individuals hospitalized with AECOPD.

Ozenoxacin: A Novel Topical Quinolone for Impetigo.

Objective: To review the data supporting Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling of ozenoxacin and evaluate its place in therapy for impetigo.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed (1966 to May 2018) and Google Scholar (2000 to May 2018) with the search terms ozenoxacin, T-3912, and GF-001001-00. Other resources included clinicaltrials.

Does Environmental Knowledge Inhibit Hominin Dispersal?

We investigated the relationship between the dispersal potential of a hominin population, its local-scale foraging strategies, and the characteristics of the resource environment using an agent-based modeling approach. In previous work we demonstrated that natural selection can favor a relatively low capacity for assessing and predicting the quality of the resource environment, especially when the distribution of resources is highly clustered. That work also suggested that the more knowledge foraging populations had about their environment, the less likely they were to abandon the landscape they know and disperse into novel territory.

Modelling survival and mortality risk to 15 years of age for a national cohort of children with serious congenital heart defects diagnosed in infancy.

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a significant cause of death in infancy. Although contemporary management ensures that 80% of affected children reach adulthood, post-infant mortality and factors associated with death during childhood are not well-characterised. Using data from a UK-wide multicentre birth cohort of children with serious CHDs, we observed survival and investigated independent predictors of mortality up to age 15 years.

The single-ventricle patient population: a current and future concern a population-based study in the North of England.

Objective: To estimate the size and characteristics of the UK population with single-ventricle physiology, and predict future population growth.

Methods: The surviving population with single-ventricle physiology in Northern England (resident population 2.9 million) was identified from our clinical database and the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey (NorCAS).

The role of spatial foresight in models of hominin dispersal.

Increasingly sophisticated hominin cognition is assumed to play an important role in major dispersal events but it is unclear what that role is. We present an agent-based model showing that there is a close relationship between level of foresight, environmental heterogeneity, and population dispersibility. We explore the dynamics between these three factors and discuss how they may affect the capacity of a hominin population to disperse.

Patient-reported quality of life outcomes for children with serious congenital heart defects.

Objective: To compare patient-reported, health-related quality of life (QoL) for children with serious congenital heart defects (CHDs) and unaffected classmates and to investigate the demographic and clinical factors influencing QoL.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: UK National Health Service.

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome, right aortic arch, and disconnected left pulmonary artery.

We present a rare case of a two-week-old infant with tetralogy of Fallot , absent pulmonary valve syndrome , right aortic arch, and disconnected left pulmonary artery (LPA) whose origin was from ductal ligament adjacent to the left subclavian artery. One-stage surgical correction, including closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD), LPA reconstruction and reconnection to the pulmonary trunk, reduction in size of the right pulmonary artery (RPA), and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with valved conduit, was successfully performed with good clinical mid-term outcome.