Outcomes of Spinal Accessory Nerve and Intercostal Nerve Transfers for Shoulder Stabilisation and Elbow Extension in Patients with C Root Avulsion Injury.

Upper arm type brachial plexus palsy results in decreased shoulder and elbow function. Reanimation of shoulder and elbow function is beneficial in these patients. The aim of this study is to report the results of restoring the shoulder abduction and elbow extension in patients with C root avulsion injury by simultaneous transfer of the spinal accessory nerve for the supraspinatus muscle combined with the transferring of the sixth and seventh intercostal nerves for the serratus anterior muscle along with the third to fifth intercostal nerves to the triceps muscle.

Hybrid Achilles Tendon Repair.

In the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture, recent studies demonstrate that conservative treatment with functional rehabilitation provides good results, with nearly identical postoperative rerupture rates when compared with surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is indicated in patients with particular conditions, such as patients who are young active athletes who require early return to play or those who wish to avoid the muscle atrophy associated with conservative methods. If surgery is the selected option for treatment, the postoperative complications of each type of surgery must be considered.

Fluoroscopic Technique for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humeral Fracture Using the Proximal Humeral Locking Plate: Proposal of "Plate" and "Screw" Views.

Proximal humeral fractures are common injuries with increasing incidence, particularly in the aging population. Nondisplaced or minimally displaced fractures can be treated conservatively whereas surgical fixation is usually indicated in the cases of displaced fractures. Various surgical options have been used for treatment of these fractures.

Surgical Technique for Open Reduction-Internal Fixation of an Unstable Displaced 3-Part Proximal Humeral Fracture Using a Proximal Humeral Locking Plate.

The proximal humeral locking plate (PHLP) is a recently developed fixed-angle implant that is an option for open reduction-internal fixation of an unstable displaced proximal humeral fracture. Various articles have reported successful outcomes using the PHLP when compared with other implant designs. However, many complications still occur with use of the PHLP, such as avascular necrosis of the humeral articular fragment, malreduction (particularly varus malalignment), and screw penetration.