Leptospiral Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein-Based Lateral Flow for Assessment of Canine Leptospiral Immunoglobulin G.

The recombinant, modified leucine-rich repeat protein rhKU_Sej_LRR_2271 has been suggested as a candidate for leptospiral vaccine development since it was predicted to be a transmembrane protein containing leucine-rich repeat motifs and immunogenic epitopes. The immunogenic epitopes showed binding affinities with lower IC values than peptides of known antigenic proteins, e.g.

Study of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in captive Asian elephants in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.

Background And Aim: Over the past two decades, the number of elephant camps in Thailand has increased considerably, and captive elephants have become more popular within the tourism industry. Tourist activities involving elephant exhibitions and trekking potentially affect animal health and welfare. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between a novel stress biomarker, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), and various factors (sex, age, weather season, tourist season, and elephant usage patterns), monitoring the fGCM concentration during and after trekking activities ceased.

Expression of a leptospiral leucine-rich repeat protein using a food-grade vector in , as a strategy for vaccine delivery.

In this study, a first food-grade mucosal vaccine against leptospirosis was developed without the use of antibiotic resistance gene. This expression system is based on a food-grade host/vector system of and a new vaccine candidate antigen, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein of . The LRR of interest from serovar Sejroe is encoded by two overlapping genes and these genes were fused together by site-directed mutagenesis.

The retrospective identification and molecular epidemiology of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in swine in Thailand from 2006 to 2017.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has recently been detected in pigs worldwide, with similar clinical manifestations to porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. Here, we report the identification and molecular epidemiology of PCV3 in swine in Thailand from clinical samples retrieved from 2006 to 2017. The epidemiological data revealed co-infection with PCV2, PRRSV, and PCV2/PRRSV was common in our samples.

Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin/activin subunits in adult Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) testes.

Immunolocalization of inhibin-α and inhibin/activin βA and βB subunits in the testes of Asian elephant was determined. Testicular sections were immunostained with polyclonal antisera against inhibin subunit-α and inhibin/activin βA and βB using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Positive immunostaining against inhibin-α subunit was strongly present in Sertoli cells, and positive immunostaining for the inhibin/activin βA and βB subunits was observed in both Sertoli and Leydig cells.

Leptospira borgpetersenii hybrid leucine-rich repeat protein: Cloning and expression, immunogenic identification and molecular docking evaluation.

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease, and the major outbreak of this disease in Thailand in 1999 was due largely to the Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe. Identification of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) LBJ_2271 protein containing immunogenic epitopes and the discovery of the LBJ_2271 ortholog in Leptospira serovar Sejroe, KU_Sej_R21_2271, led to further studies of the antigenic immune properties of KU_Sej_LRR_2271. The recombinant hybrid (rh) protein was created and expressed from a hybrid PCR fragment of KU_Sej_R21_2271 fused with DNA encoding the LBJ_2271 signal sequence for targeting protein as a membrane-anchoring protein.

Molecular characterization of the ribosomal DNA unit of Sarcocystis singaporensis, Sarcocystis zamani and Sarcocystis zuoi from rodents in Thailand.

Sarcocystis species are heteroxenous cyst-forming coccidian protozoan parasites with a wide host range, including rodents. In this study, Sarcocystis spp. samples were isolated from Bandicota indica, Rattus argentiventer, R.

A first report of non-invasive adenovirus detection in wild Assamese macaques in Thailand.

Several simian adenoviruses (AdVs) have been detected and isolated in various species of non-human primates with the goals of monitoring the health of wildlife and investigating their potential for zoonotic disease transmission. Here, we provide evidence of AdV infection in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis assamensis) at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, based on polymerase chain reaction of non-invasively collected fecal samples. Eight out of 110 fecal samples (7.

The novel primers for mammal species identification-based mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence: implication for reserved wild animals in Thailand and endangered mammal species in Southeast Asia.

We presented the powerful techniques for species identification using the short amplicon of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence. Two faecal samples and one single hair sample of the Asian tapir were tested using the new cytochrome b primers. The results showed a high sequence similarity with the mainland Asian tapir group.

Annual ovarian activity monitored by the noninvasive measurement of fecal concentrations of progesterone and 17β-estradiol metabolites in rusa deer (Rusa timorensis).

To clarify the reproductive cycle of female Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis), the fecal concentrations of progesterone and 17β-estradiol metabolites were measured. Fecal samples were collected on a weekly basis for one year (between October, 2012 and September, 2013) from five healthy adult hinds in Thailand. At the beginning of the study, three hinds were pregnant.

Genetic diversity of the captive Asian tapir population in Thailand, based on mitochondrial control region sequence data and the comparison of its nucleotide structure with Brazilian tapir.

The Asian tapir (Tapirus indicus) has been classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2008). Genetic diversity data provide important information for the management of captive breeding and conservation of this species. We analyzed mitochondrial control region (CR) sequences from 37 captive Asian tapirs in Thailand.

Strong and stable geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo maternal and paternal lineages indicates domestication in the China/Indochina border region.

The swamp type of the Asian water buffalo is assumed to have been domesticated by about 4000 years BP, following the introduction of rice cultivation. Previous localizations of the domestication site were based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation within China, accounting only for the maternal lineage. We carried out a comprehensive sampling of China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh and sequenced the mtDNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and the Y-chromosomal ZFY, SRY and DBY sequences.

First reported case of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus infection in Laos.

The elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is now recognized as one of the main causes of death of young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in North American zoos. Its impact in wild and domestic elephant populations in Asia is not clearly understood. This article describes the first case of EEHV infection in Lao People's Democratic Republic of a 2.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asian tapirs (Tapirus indicus): the only extant Tapiridae species in the old world.

Asian tapir (Tapirus indicus) is categorized as Endangered on the 2008 IUCN red list. The first full-length mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Asian tapir is 16,717 bp in length. Base composition shows 34.

PCR-based method for sex identification of Eastern sarus crane (Grus antigone sharpii): implications for reintroduction programs in Thailand.

Due to human activity and a reduction in the size and quality of wetland habitats, populations of the Eastern sarus crane (Grus antigone sharpii) have declined dramatically across their range in Southeast Asia. Conservation efforts in Thailand have focused on reintroduction of the founders harboring the highest genetic diversity. One of the most important requirements to ensure the persistence of the reintroduced populations is a balanced sex ratio.

Preliminary study of the genetic diversity of eastern Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis assamensis) in Thailand based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers.

Human overpopulation, deforestation, invasion of agricultural areas, and livestock are the primary causes for population fragmentation of wildlife. The distribution range of species of the genus Macaca is constantly decreasing and becoming increasingly fragmented due to forest deterioration. Assamese macaques (M.

Dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Chikungunya virus antibody prevalence among captive monkey (Macaca nemestrina) colonies of Northern Thailand.

The potential of macaque Macaca nemestrina leonina in Thailand to be infected by endemic arboviruses was assessed. The prevalence of antibodies of three arboviruses actively circulating in Thailand was determined by Plaque Reduction Neutralization assay procedures using samples from captive colonies in Northern Thailand. Out of 38 macaques, 9 (24%) presented reacting antibodies against dengue virus, 5 (13%) against Japanese encephalitis virus, and 4 (10%) against Chikungunya virus.

Expression of foot and mouth disease virus nonstructural polyprotein 3ABC with inactive 3C(pro) in Escherichia coli.

Nonstructural 3ABC protein of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) was widely used to differentiate vaccinated from natural FMDV-infected animals. 3ABC is a polyprotein which is auto-processed to 3A, three copies of 3B and 3C(pro) by 3C(pro) protease. The 3ABC gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as native or mutated 3ABC (mu3ABC) forms.

Evaluation of recombinant Lig antigen-based ELISA for detection of leptospiral antibodies in canine sera.

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to clone the conserved region of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein (lig) gene and evaluate the utility of the recombinant Lig as an ELISA antigen for detection of leptospiral antibodies in canine sera. Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyposa strain Moskva V was chosen to be a target for cloning the conserved region of Lig gene.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of domesticated Asian elephants, Thailand.

Four Asian elephants were confirmed to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by bacterial culture, other diagnostic procedures, and sequencing of 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, 16S rRNA, and gyrase B gene sequences. Genotyping showed that the infectious agents originated from 4 sources in Thailand. To identify infections, a combination of diagnostic assays is essential.

First whole genome characterization of swine influenza virus subtype H3N2 in Thailand.

H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SIV) were first detected in Asia shortly after the 1968 pandemic emerged in humans. Subsequently, human H3N2 viruses have sporadically reappeared in swine. In Thailand, a human-like H3N2 SIV was reported in 1978 although the genetic sequence of this virus is unknown.

Plasmid Profiles and Prevalence of Intermediately Virulent Rhodococcus equi from Pigs in Nakhonpathom Province, Thailand: Identification of a New Variant of the 70-kb Virulence Plasmid, Type 18.

The prevalence of intermediately virulent Rhodococcus equi isolates from pig submaxillary lymph nodes from four slaughterhouses in Nakhonpathom province, Thailand, was investigated. The isolates were tested for the presence of virulence plasmids and the 20-kDa virulence-associated protein antigen (VapB) gene by PCR. Of the 734 submaxillary lymph nodes tested, 19 (2.

IL-15 protects antigen-specific CD8+ T cell contraction after Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection.

We reported previously that IL-15 plays a critical role in protecting effector CD8(+) T cells from apoptosis during the contraction phase following acute infection with Listeria monocytogenes by inducing antiapoptotic molecules. In the present study, we examined the effects of in vivo administration of rIL-15 on contraction of CD8(+) T cells after chronic infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and on the efficacy of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells reached an expansion peak at approximately Day 21, followed by a contraction after inoculation with rBCG expressing OVA.